WIN #20 dated 21 May 2001
WINs are commentaries on intelligence-related events based on
open sources, produced and edited by Roy Jonkers for AFIO
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SECTION
I -- CURRENT INTELLIGENCE
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT (UAV) INTELLIGENCE
COLLECTION -- A number of press items have reported
on-going changes in the US Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance (ISR) world. A summary of several includes:
++ The first trans-Pacific flight by a UAV [or drone
or unmanned aircraft -- in simpler days, drone seemed to
suffice] was made in late April by a Global Hawk, completing
the Edwards Air Force Base (in
California) to an
Australian Air Force Base
flight 14 minutes ahead of schedule. The drone followed a
preprogrammed route for the impressive 8,600 mile flight.
Described as an awkward-looking plane resembling a killer
whale, thanks to a bulbous nose that hides an antenna four
feet in diameter, Global Hawk has wings longer than a Boeing
737's and carries 15,000 pounds of fuel for a flight made
largely at 65,000 feet.
++
In April, the first flights of the Air Force RQ-1B Predator
UAVs from Macedonia's Petrovec airport boosted NATO's
surveillance efforts in the southern Balkans. Prior to the
Predators arrival, the only drones supporting NATO's
attempts to close the Kosovo-Macedonia border to Albanian
insurgents were German short-range UAVs which were scheduled
to be relieved by French drones. The RQ-1B version of the
Predator has been upgraded with a turbocharged engine, wings
equipped for de-icing (which should enable operations in the
colder months), new radios and IFF equipment.
++
Regional CinCs have been pressing the Navy to increase the
EP-3E fleet from 11 (practically 10 since one is still on
Hainan) to 16 but the Navy cited lack of funding to support
the increase. In a compromise, Congress plans to add money
to buy three more EP-3Es. One 'insider" is quoted to
say, "It has been their most valuable intelligence
collection asset for some time."
++
Over the past decade, Defense has invested over $3 billion
in UAV development, procurement, and operations, and expects
to invest at least another $4 billion in the coming decade.
++
Close advisers to the SECDEF recently requested a briefing
on how to speed up the fielding of advanced radar imaging
and other intelligence technologies. The new DOD leaders
could opt to recommend increase the pace of production for
the Global Hawk reconnaissance drone or another UAV to carry
various emerging sensor technologies sooner than currently
planned. Secretary Rumsfeld's sweeping review of defense
priorities and strategies is said to be exploring the
acceleration of at least four technologies for ISR: Global
Hawk, an unmanned concept plane called the Sensor Craft, a
sophisticated radar imaging sensor, and a future manned and
multi-mission ISR platform.
The current tactical and strategic
interest in UAVs underlines anew the error of the
at-least-thirty-year refusal of the military, especially the
rated aviators, to accept the obvious potential of the UAV in
an ISR role. (Harvey)
(Defense Information and Electronics Report
13 Apr '01, p. 12; Aerospace Daily 25 Apr '01; Wash Times 6
Apr '01 by Gertz and Scarborough; Jane's Defence Weekly 25
Apr'01 by Tim Ripley; AP 23 Apr '01)
SECTION II - CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE
FISA ACTIVITY REACHED ALL-TIME HIGH IN
2000 -- The secretive Court established by the
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978 was
busier than ever last year, approving an all-time high of 1012
government applications for electronic surveillance or
physical search of suspected foreign intelligence agents in
the United States. The Justice Department disclosed the
contents of its calendar year 2000 annual report to Congress
today in response to a request under the Freedom of
Information Act. The report was filed on April 27.
The FISA Court has been controversial to some because, with
one exception, it has never rejected a government application
for surveillance, raising questions about the quality of the
Court's review. Justice Department officials say that the high
approval rate simply reflects their rigorous preparation of
the application prior to submission to the Court. They say
that defective applications, like that in the Wen Ho Lee case,
are turned back before they ever reach the Court.
Another controversial aspect derives from the fact that,
unlike ordinary criminal cases involving law enforcement
wiretaps, no defendant in a FISA-based prosecution has ever
been able to view the application for surveillance and to
meaningfully challenge its legality. In the absence of
adversarial review, courts depend exclusively on the
prosecution's version of events.
The government submitted a record 1005 requests for
surveillance or physical search in calendar year 2000. Of
those, 1003 were approved before the end of the year. (The
remaining two were approved in January 2001.) Nine requests
submitted in 1999 were also approved in 2000, for a grand
total of 1012 approved in 2000. (The previous high was 880
authorizations granted in 1999.) One request was modified but
none was denied.
The
latest FISA report to Congress is not yet available online.
But several previous annual reports are posted here: http://www.usdoj.gov/04foia/readingrooms/oipr_records.htm
(Jonkers)
SECTION
III - CYBER INTELLIGENCE
MILITARY CYBER DEFENSE PLANNING
-- The Defense Department (OSD) later this summer plans to
issue guidelines that the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines
will need to follow to protect Web-based resources from cyber
attacks. The Defense Department has instructed the Services
that computer network defense will be mandatory. It will
propose guidelines on use of firewall, intrusion-detection and
anti-virus technologies that it wants deployed across its
sprawling global networks that include three million users at
1,500 locations.(http://www.nwfusion.com/archive/2001/120659_05-14-2001.html)(Levine)
CYBERNET MANIPULATOR GETS JAIL TERM
-- Computer security researcher and former FBI informant Max
Butler aka 'Max Vision' was sentenced Monday to
18 months in prison for launching an Internet worm that
crawled through hundreds of military and defense contractor
computers over a few days in 1998. In handing down the
sentence, federal judge James Ware rejected defense attorney
Jennifer Granick's
argument that the Air Force, and other victims of the worm,
improperly calculated their financial losses from the hack.
The judge also declined to give Butler credit for his brief
stint as an undercover FBI informant, during which he
infiltrated a gang of hackers that had penetrated 3Com's
corporate phone network.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/8/19132.html
http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,44007,00.html
(Levine 22 May) (Jonkers)
SECTION
IV - BOOKS, PUBLICATIONS & SOURCE
FRENCH RESISTANCE ON CABLE TV 28 May --
Renee Fisher, a member of the French Resistance during World
War II, will be featured on Tampa's Educational Cable
Consortium program "Weekly Edition" hosted by Julie
Williamson. The first showing will be on Memorial Day, 28 May
at 7:00 PM (1900 hrs) on Channel 18 (Time Warner) and Channel
21 (Explorer Channel within City of Tampa). The program will
be shown eight other times during that week.
Renee is a
member of AFIO's Florida
Suncoast Chapter and the Tampa Chapter of The Retired Officers
Wives Club (TROWC). (Jonkers)
STATE DEPARTMENT FOREIGN RELATIONS
PUBLICATION RELEASED --The latest volume of the State
Department's Foreign Relations of the United
States (FRUS) series, was
released on April 21, 2001. It includes coverage of
such events as the clandestine U.S. government support of
Italian democratic parties during the 1960s, and covers the
Arab-Israeli conflict in the aftermath of the Six Day War in
1967. It traces the Johnson Administration's role in Middle
East diplomacy, notably including official U.S. efforts to
discourage the Israeli nuclear weapons program. The new
release does not encompass the 1967 war itself, which is the
subject of another volume to be published next year. According
to the FRUS editors, that long-awaited volume will include
documentation on the Israeli attack on the USS
Liberty on June 8, 1967.
The covert
action in Italy is one of a (presumably) limited number of
U.S. covert actions that have now been officially
acknowledged. According to the State Department publication,
some163 covert actions were approved during the Kennedy
administration, and 142 covert actions during the Johnson
administration through February 1967.
The newly disclosed documents on the covert action in
Italy are available here: http://www.fas.org/sgp/advisory/state/italy.html.
The complete FRUS volume in which the documents appeared (FRUS,
1964-1968, vol. XII,
Western Europe) is posted here: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xii/
(http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xx/)
(S. Aftergood/FAS) (Jonkers)
CREATION OF NIMA, Occasional Paper No. 9,
Joint Military Intelligence College [JMIC], April 2001, by
Lt.Col (ret) Anne Daugherty . According to reviewer Joe
Mazzafro, this paper on the National Imagery & Mapping
Agency is ".... a well written 23 page tract plus
numerous interesting appendices that traces establishment of
NIMA in 1996. While this study focuses on the Congress's role
in birthing NIMA, the story cannot be told without reference
to the equities of the Department of Defense and the Director
of Central Intelligence. More importantly, Dr. Mills has done
a terrific job explaining in clear terms how an enterprise of
this scope has to move through and between the bureaucracies
and processes of the executive branch, the IC and Congress to
come about. Besides seeing how much time it took to get NIMA
established, I was also struck how the process changed and
shaped NIMA from what was originally envisioned." (Joe
Mazzafro) (Macartney)
NEW NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT PUBLISHED--
The "Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement"
that government employees and contractors must sign before
they are granted access to classified information has been
reissued in slightly revised form. The Agreement, designated
Standard Form (SF) 312, was updated last year to include
reference to 18 U.S.C. 1924 on "Unauthorized Removal and
Retention of Classified Documents or Material" and to
cite the current executive order on classification. See
the Acrobat file: http://www.fas.org/sgp/isoo/new_sf312.pdf
or check the SF 312 briefing booklet prepared by the
Information Security Oversight Office at http://www.fas.org/sgp/isoo/sf312.html
(S. Aftergood/FAS 2 May) (Jonkers)
NEW BOOK ON SECURITY CLEARANCE POLICY -- The Defense
Personnel Security Research Center has published a new book on
"Security Clearances and the Protection of
National Security Information: Law and Procedures."
The author is attorney Sheldon I. Cohen, who has specialized
in this arcane area of the law. In a lengthy series of
appendices, Mr. Cohen provides a selection of relevant agency
documents, including a few items that are not readily
available elsewhere. The full text is available online in an
extremely unwieldy 17 MB PDF file through the Defense
Technical Information Center. Search under Accession Number
ADA388100 here: http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/tr4_fields.html.
Alternatively, the softbound volume may be purchased for $49
plus $3 shipping from Sheldon I. Cohen and Associates, 2009 N.
Fourteenth Street, Suite 708, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
(Jonkers)
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SECTION
VI ---LETTER TO THE EDITOR
LANGUAGE TRAINING -- Ernie O.
comments on the recent WIN/NYT article on shortages of foreign
linguists --
"The problem addressed in this NYT story is not
new but the magnitude seems greater. In early 1943 the US
army initiated the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP)
. This was designed to prepare the Army with skills that
were thought to be vital in the future. At this point the
war was far from over and might possibly last many more
years. Anyhow, selected GIs were sent off to as many as 200
different colleges to study engineering, medicine dentistry
and foreign languages. The language program was extensive .
At Indiana
University where I was sent to study Turkish there were also
programs in Greek, Romanian, Hungarian and Finnish. These
were intensive language and area programs, four hours of
oral/aural drill in the morning and four hours of Balkan and
Turkish history, politics, sociology and anthropology in the
afternoon with study periods and military stuff added. The
ASTP programs ended about March 1944. The story made the
rounds of the IU campus that the Soviets objected to troops
being trained in areas the USSR considered its own preserve.
I never found this documented. It is more likely that the
planning for D-Day required the release of the ASTPers to
beef up the infantry, for that is where most of the ex-ASTPers
ended up, including me.
After the war there was the feeling that the US was
woefully short of expertise in language skills and related
experience. The American Council of Learned Societies, with
funding in many cases from the Department of Education,
sponsored language and area programs in many Universities. I
have no knowledge of extent of these programs overall but at
Indiana which built on its ASTP experience there were more
than 150 publications in the Ural-Altaic Series over the
next two decades or so, consisting of grammars, readers etc
in languages ranging from Azerbaijani Turkish to Kirghiz,
Ostyak and Yurak. So the current shortage in not
a new problem, the problem is numbers.
The Department of State, the military and CIA have
their own language schools which could be beefed up and some
students could be sponsored at civilian universities. Some
hard figures are needed as well and decisions made on
objectives, how many are needed with only a speaking ability
(and perhaps limited reading) and at what level of fluency,
and how many are needed with only a reading ability? In some
languages there is a marked difference between the written
and the spoken language and it seems that time is an
important issue here. How long can a person be spared before
he can be put to work? and a host of other considerations,
The FBIS and JPRS were designed to monitor and
provide translations of open source material. Do these need
to be beefed up or reoriented? Do we need programs directed
to native speakers with limited English to improve their
English? Here, of course, security considerations may arise.
We are in all cases talking money. If funds are not
available the best planning is useless and whatever problems
arise we will have to live with."
(E.Oney)
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