WINS are protected by copyright laws. WINs are produced by Roy Jonkers for AFIO members and subscribers and may not be diseminated without permission afio@afio.com. Associate editor Dr. John Macartney contributed several articles to this WIN, which was delayed in transmission due to Symposium preparation and operation.

SECTION I CURRENT INTELLIGENCE

AFIO SYMPOSIUM: A CALL FOR INCREASED INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY BUDGETS. The second annual AFIO National Symposium was successfully conducted on November 21 and 22 (at the NRO), and was again marked by top level leadership insight and candor. The single most significant bottomline conclusion and admonition conveyed by the intelligence leadership was that the intelligence community budget needs a boost on the order of $1Billion. Although Congress did provide more funds this past year, and particularly supported the re-building of the CIA clandestine service, a great deal of the community intelligence budget was eaten away by the cost of supporting the various military operations engaged in by the Administration. Significant new threats need to be addressed, requiring improved infrastructures and modernization.

The call for increased funding was also articulated by former DCI James Woolsey (1993-95) at the intelligence symposium at the Nimitz Museum, Trinity University, Texas, co-sponsored by the AFIO Alamo Chapter during the first week of October. Woolsey stated that the current administration has allowed US intelligence to deteriorate. He pointed to important dangers, including arms buildup in China and North Korea, terrorism and germ warfare, and noted that "we must be concerned that the former Soviet military industrial complex is very much for sale." Retired Admiral William Studeman, former DNI, DIRNSA & DDCI, was even more critical. Studeman said budgets for intelligence- gathering have remained flat for 10 years. "As a result of what I consider less than adequate funding, the intelligence community faces prodigious modernization challenges. " This is a message that AFIO members can convey and support. (UPI, 10/10/99) (RoyJ)

NRO DIRECTOR's INITIATIVE -- Following CIA's announcement of its entrepreneurial Silicon Valley start-up named "In-Q-It" (see previous WIN), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) on October 4th announced a program called the 'Director's Innovation Initiative,' providing grants for projects that may lead to "revolutionary concepts and ideas." The program itself is not new - but thus far has been exclusively run within the tight NRO security envelope. What is new is that there now is an outsider "public" research dimension - - unclassified, unrestricted and unrestrained.

The objective of the program is to reach out to as many smart people as possible to push the boundaries of technology and to enhance the NRO's satellite reconnaissance capabilities. The NRO is looking for breakthrough ideas on (1) new ways to map, plan, understand and execute operations in urban environments; (2) new software such as intelligent agent-like tools and techniques that integrate acquired information; (3) new ideas about target phenomenology and related sensor technologies in order to identify target vulnerabilities and new collection opportunities; and (4) new technologies to detect, locate, identify, characterize and track weapons of mass destruction and other advanced weapons systems.

The program will have initial funding of $350,000. It has been announced in the Commerce Business Daily and on the NRO Web site. It is on a fast track - - announced October 4th, proposals must be received by November 17th, and awards will be made by Jan 31, 2000. The best minds in the country are needed to support national security. Spread the word. (D. Ignatius, WashPost Oct17,'99, page B9) (RoyJ)

RECONNAISSANCE AND INFORMATION WARFARE - The Senate last week passed a $268 billion Defense appropriations bill with sharply focused language and funding for key airborne surveillance, reconnaissance and intelligence systems. The legislation zeroes in on several key high-tech systems that the Pentagon used heavily during the 78-day air war in Yugoslavia and pledges continued support to the Pentagon's quest for Information Superiority on the battlefield.

In this regard US Army as well as Air Force manned and unmanned (UAV's) reconnaissance intelligence aircraft are being equipped to hack into enemy computers, according to a story in the Oct 18 "Aviation Week." The Army's airborne intelligence fleet includes the multisensor RC-7, signals intelligence gathering RC-12 Guardrail and two aircraft still in development- - the Tactical Unmanned Air Vehicle (TUAV) and the Airborne Common Sensor aircraft. The Air Force is modifying its EC-130 fleet and long-endurance Global Hawk UAVs to increase its capabilities in the offensive computer attack role.

The methods of penetrating enemy computers from the air are closely guarded secrets, but one basic concept is to intercept high-density rnicrowave transmissions, alter them with harmful instructions or false information, and then reinsert them into the data stream, where they will make their way into computer systems. A related story in the same issue tells how the EC-130H Compass Call reconnaissance aircraft has been used to jam enemy communications in Panama, Iraq and Kosovo.

http://www.awgnet.com/aviation/avi_stor.htm
http://www.fcw.com/pubs/fcw/1999/1018/web-dodbill-10-19-99.html (JdMac)

SECTION II CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE

CIA DIRECTOR INSISTS SUDAN PLANT WAS MAKING CHEMICAL WEAPONS. - - The CIA may have made some high-profile mistakes the last few years, but the 1998 U.S. bombing of a Sudanese pharmaceutical plant was not one of them, CIA Director George Tenet said on October 18th. "We were not wrong," Tenet told an audience at Georgetown University. "The case is as compelling today as the day we made the decision." "We have solid intelligence" that the destroyed plant was producing chemical weapons materials, he said. The intelligence includes -- but isn't limited to -- soil samples collected at the site that contain a chemical used as a key ingredient in nerve gas, he said.

Tenet went on to say that the CIA is willing to own up to its mistakes and miscalculations. In addition to the controversy over the Chinese Embassy, he said that the agency had incorrectly judged when India would test a nuclear weapon. ((AP, 10/20/99) (JdMac)

CYBERWAR IN KOSOVO. According to a special report by Lisa Hoffman in

the Washington Times of Oct 24, the Kosovo operation included US military Information Warfare (IW) attacks on the Serbian telephone system as well as on the computers of their air defense system. While a few sources in the Pentagon bragged to the reporter about how effective the attacks were, IW remains a sensitive subject that few would talk about. One source did complain that restrictions placed on our cyber warriors meant that they only used about 10 percent of their capability.

The article also brought up a the question of whether cyber attacks can be considered an act of war? Do they require a military retaliation? In addition to the US, three countries have already been engaged in cyber attacks on other states. Indonesian government hackers took down Ireland's Internet service last January because the Irish provider was hosting a site that advocated independence for East Timor. Russian hackers have launched multiple attacks against Pentagon networks this year

seeking naval codes and missile guidance data. And after the inadvertent US bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade last May, there were multiple and sometimes destructive attacks from Chinese hackers on US government web sites.

By doing so, according to the article, the Chinese hackers revealed an astonishing 3,000 to 4,000 "back doors" into US computer systems that apparently had been previously created by Chinese agents. One US computer security consultant estimated that foreign agents have managed to establish many thousands of "back doors" in both government and business systems in this country. (Wash Times Oct 24, 99 - L. Hoffman). URL for IW against Serbia during Kosovo operations, see http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/dotmil/arkin.htm (JdMac)

EDWIN WILSON APPEALS CONVICTION - - Former CIA officer Edwin P. Wilson, jailed since 1983 for illegal arms smuggling to Libya, has filed an appeal accusing federal prosecutors of knowingly using a false affidavit to convict him. Wilson's claims are accompanied by hundreds of secret government memos that his lawyers obtained.

Wilson's main job for the CIA before he retired in 1971 was setting up front companies abroad while posing as a rich American businessman. He lived his cover to the hilt and made himself a multimillionaire in the process. He was arrested in 1982 after being lured out of Libya by a government informant and was sentenced to 52 years in prison.

Wilson claims that his dealings with Libya, for which he was convicted, were the result of a CIA request that he ingratiate himself with the Libyans after he officially retired from the agency. Documents show that Wilson had some 80 contacts with the CIA from his retirement through 1978 and provided a variety of services, including arranging gun sales to a Saudi Arabian security agency and the shipment of two desalinization units to Egypt. A CIA affidavit reportedly denied these contacts. Documents also show prosecutors then spent nearly eight months discussing whether to disclose that fact to the court and to Wilson's lawyers.

The Justice Department has until mid-January to respond to the appeal. If Wilson's conviction was overturned, he could be retried. (Houston AP-NY-10-05-99 1832EDT - Bryson Hull (Heibel)

SECTION III BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS

A MAN OF INTELLIGENCE: MEMOIRS OF WAR, PEACE, AND THE CIA - - the memoirs of General Charles P. Cabell, edited by Charles A. Cabell, Jr. Brig. Gen. USAF (Ret)., Boulder, CO: Impavide Publications, 1997, 401pp., index.

In the 3 years before his death, General Charles P. Cabell, the CIA's longest serving DDCI (under DCI Allen Dulles), wrote his memoirs. For family reasons which his son explains in his preface, they were not published until 1997 and have only recently come to AFIO's attention. General Cabell (West Point, Class of 1925) tells of his career as an advisor to Hap Arnold, B-17 bomb wing commander, D-Day planner, Director of Operations and Intelligence in the Mediterranean theater, his presence at the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, Director of Air Force Intelligence, Director of the Joint Staff for the JCS, and DDCI.

More than 100 pages are devoted to his CIA service, and of particular interest here are his candid comments about the Bay of Pigs operation in which he was directly involved. His assessment of the reasons for its failure are dispassionate, but do not mince words. General Cabell had a fascinating and rewarding career. His book is a valuable contribution to the history of Air Force intelligence and the early years of the CIA. Copies may be obtained from BG Cabell by calling (719) 592-0472; fax (719) 592-0230, or email: cpcjr@gateway.net $40.00 + S&H. (Hayden Peake, AFIO 'intelligence bibliophile')