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SECTION I CURRENT INTELLIGENCE

NEW CYBERWARFARE CENTER ESTABLISHED - - The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Henry Shelton, has announced the opening of a new joint center to wage cyberwar against US enemies. The center will be located at Colorado Springs, under the command of General Richard Myers, USAF, with the task of defending the US from foreign attacks on our computer systems - - - and also, to plan cyberwarfare attack initiatives against potential enemy computer networks. The cyberwarfare center will consolidate and coordinate what is now a scattered series of operations at the Colorado Springs headquarters. The press account of the announcement did not specify the exact title of the center. Among other missions, General Shelton expects the new center to improve the protection for both classified and unclassified computer systems. According to an unnamed DoD official, US cyberwarriors in future wars will try to disable air defense systems, upset logistics and infect software through advanced techniques created by the Colorado center. (Becker in NYTimes 8 Oct 99) (Harvey). Also,

http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/10/biztech/articles/08military.html (JdMac)

FBI TRACES CYBER RAIDS TO RUSSIA - - - A string of raids that purloined unclassified data from Defense Department and other U.S. computers appears to have been launched from Russia, according to Michael Vatis of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Intruders had taken ``unclassified but still-sensitive information about defense/technical research matters.'' An investigation, code-named Moonlight Maze, involving U.S. agencies and international counterparts, is ongoing, Vatis told the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology and Terrorism. At issue, he said, were ``a series of widespread intrusions, into Defense Department, other federal government agencies and private-sector computer systems."

Vatis did not spell out whether the intrusions were continuing nor who might be behind them in Russia. "About the furthest I can go is to say the intrusions appear to originate in Russia.'' A U.S. official postulated that individuals in the Russian Academy of Sciences might be the culprits. Susan Hansen, a Pentagon spokeswoman, said the Defense Department knew of no classified information that had been jeopardized in the Moonlight Maze intrusions.

Sen. Robert Bennett, who has received classified briefings on ``information warfare'' said the intruders vacuumed up vast amounts of publicly available data over at least several months. One possible danger was that the culprits had burrowed into ``places we don't know about and (are) still getting information that we can't trace.''

Vatis, Director of the FBI-led National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) also said that the FBI's caseload for computer hacking and network-intrusion cases had doubled for each of the last two years, with more than 800 cases pending. He noted that a number of nations had developed "information warfare" capabilities. Mr. Vatis will speak at the AFIO National Symposium on 22 October at the NRO. ( AP-NY-10-05-99 1832EDT; Rueter Oct 6, J. Wolf. (Heibel)

NEW RUSSIAN NUCLEAR DOCTRINE - - -Interfax reported on 7 October that the draft of Russia's new military doctrine states that nuclear arms are an "effective factor of deterrence, guaranteeing the military security of the Russian Federation and its allies, supporting international stability and peace." The draft notes that "the Russian Federation reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear or other mass destruction weapons against it or its allies, and also in response to large-scale aggression involving conventional arms in situations critical for the national security of Russia and its allies." Among the key security threats listed in the document is the "expansion of military alliances to the detriment of Russian military security." The doctrine obviously reflects inferences drawn from both the recent and prospective NATO expansion and the US/NATO attack on Yugoslavia. (RFE/RL Nwsline Vol.3, No. 197, Part I, 8 October 1999) <<://www.rferl.org/newsline> (JdMac) (RoyJ)

CIA DOCUMENT DECLASSIFICATION - - The CIA released 2000 boxes containing three million pages of documents from its secret files last month. Three tractor-trailer trucks hauled the documents to the National Archives and Records Administration in Maryland during the last two weeks of September. The material will be made available to the public after it has been reviewed by the National Archives. Included were documents on the Vietnam War, Cuba, China and Taiwan and photographs of the Soviet Union, and intelligence reports, memos and reports from CIA operatives. In addition CIA announced that it reviewed and released substantial quantities of intelligence records from the Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Presidential Libraries.

Importantly, changes in the declassification process may be mandated. Efforts are underway in Congress to change the process for handling special requests from Congress or the White House. House Intelligence Committee Chairman Porter Goss, a Florida Republican, and Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a New York Democrat, have teamed up on legislation that would create a board to handle special declassification requests, and order reviews of documents considered historically significant. ``As a former (CIA) case officer, I am aware of some of the extraordinary stories in the files at Langley,'' Goss said in a statement. ``I would like to see more of this history available to the American public.''

The special board would have nine members appointed by the president, and could include archivists, historians, international lawyers and national security experts. Goss has said he hopes Moynihan, who is leaving the Senate after next year, would chair it. The board would look at special requests from members of Congress or the White House for declassification of documents related to a particular issue and determine whether there had been similar previous requests or a new review should be conducted. The aim is to cut down the expense and time spent in handling redundant requests. The legislation would also allow the new board to order an agency to review for declassification documents considered of permanent historical value to the public.(Agence France Presse, Washington 10-5-99; Reuters Oct 5, Zakaria; ) (Heibel) (JdMac)

CIA TO GIVE STASI SPY FILES TO GERMANY - - - The CIA has agreed to start handing East German spy files over to Germany early next year, according to the German government's top intelligence spokesman. Ernst Uhrlau was quoted as telling the General-Anzeiger newspaper of Bonn that under the agreement, the CIA will gradually turn over copies of Stasi files ``that touch on German affairs.'' The Stasi files are said to contain the code names and real names of former Stasi agents. The CIA will turn over CD-ROMs with the selected Stasi records to the German Interior Ministry. Germany has long sought to obtain the Stasi records, reportedly spirited out by the CIA in a major intelligence-coup after the East German government fell in 1989. CIA spokesman Mark Mansfield had no comment. In the past these types of announcements have not always been factual.

(Berlin - AP-NY-10-01-99 1848 EDT (Heibel et.al.) (RoyJ)

SECTION II CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE

US HOMELAND VULNERABILITY - - The House Armed Services Committee recently was told by the joint heads of the 'US Commission on National Security / 21st Century' that America will become increasingly vulnerable to hostile attack on our homeland, and our military superiority will not necessarily protect us.

Former Senators Warren Rudman and Gary Hart, the co-chairmen of the commission charged with trying to define the future national security environment for the US, said, that U.S. intelligence will face more challenging adversaries, and even excellent intelligence work on our part will not be able to prevent all surprises. Non-state actors will probably play a larger role in issues of war and peace than they have heretofore. We have also concluded that US alliance structures are likely to become more fluid, that the forward-basing we have relied upon for many years may be more difficult to sustain, and that technological gaps may make it harder for us to cooperate effectively with allies and other partners in the field.

Regarding technology, the committee said, "We believe that some new technologies, benign as they may be for the most part, could have a dramatic leveling effect, allowing an increasing array of states, and even small disaffected fanatical groups, to inflict enormous damage on unsuspecting civilian populations, including our own." While the commission believes the US will remain a principal global power for at least the next 25 years, its conclusions about the world are not particularly comforting. The committee co-chairman said of their conclusions, "We would not describe them as pessimistic, however. They simply are what they are. They are what we honestly see in the world's future." One can hope that the American leaders, current and future, understand that the commission is also saying, 'You would be very well advised to ensure you maintain the very best intelligence capability you can.' (Harvey)( 11 October 1999 #OCT 102)

US INTELLIGENCE GOT MORE FROM CHINA? - - Quoting former DDCI Richard Kerr and others, a story in the 10/10 Washington Post claims that US intelligence got more information from Chinese visits to US nuclear labs than did the Chinese from visits to ours. Similarly, according to the article, the US gets useful intelligence from the practice of having the Chinese launch commercial American satellites into orbit. Meanwhile, Bill Gertz reported in the 10/10 Washington Times that a recent US counterintelligence report focused on Chinese scientific espionage efforts -- which are more vigourous than ever. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/national/daily/oct99/spies11.htm (JdMac)

SMART DUST - - - TINY SENSORS OF THE FUTURE. Researchers have developed tiny new computers they're calling smart dust, although the chips still are far bigger than dust right now -- as yet they are about the size of an aspirin. But further miniaturization is underway. The tiny devices have many potential uses, ranging from monitoring weather to overt, discrete or clandestine sensing, surveillance or spying. http://www.msnbc.com/news/321983.asp (JdMac)

NSA RECOGNIZES UNIVERSITIES FOR INFORMATION SECURITY STUDIES - - This summer NSA designated seven US universities as Centers of Academic Excellence in information-security education. These are: James Madison, George Mason, Idaho State, Iowa State, Purdue, U of California at Davis, and Idaho. The centers are expected to become "focal points for recruiting, and may create a climate to encourage independent research in information assurance," according to an NSA statement. The information-assurance declaration was part of an agency attempt to reach out and form partnerships with industry. The recently announced CIA Silicon Valley entrepreneurial initiative appears to fall into the same category of initiatives. (courtesy A. Fields) (RoyJ).

SECTION III BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS

CIA AND HOLLYWOOD - - "IN THE COMPANY OF SPIES", a made-for-TV film produced by Showtime and Paramount Television, premiered at - -- CIA!!! on the evening of October 13th. In a remarkable divergence from previous practice, CIA cooperated in the production, allowing the director, Tim Matheson, to shoot some scenes inside the agency's Langley headquarters, and provided 60 off-duty employees as extras. The story, involving a covert operation to rescue a captured agent in North Korea, is, for a change, a sympathetic portrayal of Agency operations and objectives. Tom Berenger plays the swashbuckling hero, and Ron Silver plays the DCI.

Often the entertainment industry is in the groove of portraying CIA officers as evil or malicious. We only have to point to such Hollywood efforts as "In the Line of fire" depicting a psychotic CIA officer attempting to murder the president, or books such as "The Eleventh Commandment," in which a CIA assassin is forced to kill the wrong people at the orders of the evil director of central intelligence. Thus, "In the Company of Spies" is a welcome relief. The Agency has shown a new willingness to be forthcoming when the media is willing to provide a balanced view of its mission - - - an effort that is the warp and woof of AFIO's work and goals. The film will be shown on the "Showtime" channel on October 24. Watch for it. (Loeb in Wpost 14 Oct99, C1; courtesy Peter Earnest) (RoyJ) (JdMac)

DINO BRUGIONI AGAIN! AFIO Member, former CIA imagery analyst and author ("Eyeball to Eyeball" and others) has a new book out from Brassey: Dino Brugioni, PHOTO FAKERY: A HISTORY OF DECEPTION AND MANIPULATION, Brassey's, 1999. (JdMac) http://batsfordbrassey.com

"IRREPARABLE HARM: A Firsthand Account of How One Agent Took on the CIA in an Epic Battle over Secrecy and Free Speech", 1999, by Frank Snepp. The author, of course, is the former CIA officer who's 1977 book, DECENT INTERVAL, about the evacuation from Saigon in 1975, prompted the Agency to successfully sue him because he did not submit a draft of the book for pre-publication review. The only case ever where the government has been able to uphold it security oath policy for officials entrusted with sensitive classified information. This new book, IRREPARABLE HARM (which Snepp did submit for review), is about that episode, the lawsuit and its aftermath.(Wash Post, Loeb, 10/12 Style section) (JdMac)