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Page 790 Page 791 Page 792Page 622 AFIO’s Guide to the Study of Intelligence Part VI: Intelligence Abroad Community encompasses a wide array of organizations that are part of federal departments or agencies, including the RCMP-National Security Criminal Investigations program, an Integrated Terrorism Assessment Centre (ITAC, originally called the Integrated Threat Assessment Centre upon its 2004 estab- lishment), as well as an independent agency—the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC)—Canada’s financial intelligence orga- nization, which reports to the finance minister.4 The mandate and legislation applicable to each are detailed in the 2006 report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher Arar, titled A New Review Mechanism for the RCMP’s National Security Activities.5 To study the seminal events that have affected the origin, evolution, and effectivenessoftheCanadianIntelligenceCommunityanditsconstituentparts, American scholars, students, and practitioners would not be well served by recently edited volumes and anthologies on the subject of intelligence and its study because of their overwhelming emphasis on the Anglo-American expe- rience. Relying on them, a reader would be hard pressed to discern how that experiencediffersfromtheCanadianone.Yet,itdoes.WhileAmericanstudents and practitioners are well served by these volumes, Canadians, unfortunately, have no single volume to point to that captures the breadth and detail of their own nation’s intelligence experience.6 Yet,asadistinctfieldofenquiry,intelligencestudiesinCanadaarevibrant today. Twenty years ago, the field was nascent and limited to a select few aca- demics. It expanded in slow increments until the events of 9/11, whereupon it developedsignificantlywithaninfluxofnewscholarsanddistinctivescholarly activities, fuelled in part by the impact of particular government decisions affectingtherightsofindividualsandforwhichintelligenceplayedasignificant role. The Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS),7 established in 1985, played a part in increasing the legitimacy and popularity of studying intelligence. Intelligence analysts themselves within the Cana- dian Government have paid attention proactively to the professionalization 4. See http://www.cdi-crd.forces.gc.ca/, http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/nsci-ecsn/index-eng.htm, http://www. itac-ciem.gc.ca/, and http://www.fintrac.gc.ca/. 5. A New Review Mechanism for the RCMP’s National Security Activities (Ottawa: Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2006). 6. Since 2007, Routledge, Oxford University Press, and Praeger Security International have published major anthologies on all aspects of intelligence. This reflects the fact that the study of intelligence has gained not only in popularity but also as a legitimate field of research. These volumes have included: Intelligence: Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic & Security Studies, 4 Volumes, edited by Loch K. Johnson (London: Routledge, 2011); Intelligence and National Security. The Secret World of Spies: An Anthology, Third Edition, edited by Loch K. Johnson and James J. Wirtz (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011); The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence, edited by Loch K. Johnson, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010); Secret Intelligence: A Reader, edited by Christopher Andrew, Richard J. Aldrich, and Wesley K. Wark (London and New York, Routledge, 2009); Strategic Intelligence, 5 Volumes, edited by Loch K. Johnson (Westport: Praeger Security International, 2007); and the Handbook of Intelligence Studies, edited by Loch K. Johnson (London: Routledge, 2007). 7. http://www.casis.ca/