Section I - INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS

Egypt Releases Iranian Diplomat Held Overnight on Suspicions of Spying. Egyptian security released an Iranian diplomat Sunday after detaining him overnight and questioning him on suspicions of illegally gathering intelligence and trying to set up spy rings in Egypt and Gulf countries, Egypt's state news agency said.

Iran's Foreign Ministry said it was studying the case.

The diplomat's arrest appeared to run contrary to claims by Egypt's interim foreign minister that the country would seek to improve ties with Iran following the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak in February. Relations have been frosty for decades, since Egypt gave Iran's deposed shah exile after the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Egyptian security men arrested Qassem al-Husseini on Saturday in his Cairo home, where they found documents, a computer and spying devices banned in Egypt, said a security official, who added that al-Husseini will be deported in the next 48 hours. [Read more:  WashingtonPost/29May2011] 

Pakistan Shuts Down US Intelligence Fusion Cells. In a clear sign of Pakistan's deepening mistrust of the United States, Islamabad has told the Obama administration to reduce the number of U.S. troops in the country and has moved to close three military intelligence liaison centers, setting back American efforts to eliminate insurgent sanctuaries in largely lawless areas bordering Afghanistan, U.S. officials said.

The liaison centers, also known as intelligence fusion cells, in Quetta and Peshawar are the main conduits for the United States to share satellite imagery, target data and other intelligence with Pakistani ground forces conducting operations against militants, including Taliban fighters who slip into Afghanistan to attack U.S. and allied forces.

U.S. special operations units have relied on the three facilities, two in Peshawar and one in Quetta, to help coordinate operations on both sides of the border, senior U.S. officials said. The U.S. units are now being withdrawn from all three sites, the officials said, and the centers are being shut down.

It wasn't immediately clear whether the steps are permanent. Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, flew Thursday to Pakistan for a hastily arranged meeting with Gen. Ashfaq Kayani, the head of the Pakistani army. A Pentagon official said the two will probably discuss Pakistan's demands for a smaller U.S. military presence. [Read more:  Cloud/LATimes/05292011] 

Ex-CIA Official Sues US for Diplomatic Protection After Abu Omar Rendition. Seven years after a team of CIA officers kidnapped an Islamic cleric in Milan and secretly flew him to Egypt for torture and interrogation, Sabrina de Sousa, an officer who allegedly helped plan the operation, is suing the U.S. government for diplomatic protection. In an interview after a hearing in her case yesterday, de Sousa also said that the target of the extraordinary rendition, known as Abu Omar, did not pose a sufficient terrorism threat to warrant the controversial U.S. action.

De Sousa is one of a two dozen alleged CIA officials whom Italian courts convicted in abstentia for their alleged roles in the February 2003 extraordinary rendition of the Egyptian-born, Milan cleric, Abu Omar. In 2005, Europe issued arrests warrants for de Souza and 21 other U.S. officials allegedly connected to the operation. Milan prosecutors identified the officers through their phone records and hotel bills in the weeks before and after the raid. The arrest warrants prevent de Souza, who resigned from the U.S. government in 2009, from traveling to Europe, where her sister lives.

De Sousa attended a Washington procedural hearing yesterday as part of her civil suit arguing the U.S. government should extend her diplomatic immunity, the Los Angeles Times' Ken Dilanian reports.

De Sousa "said she believed that what the U.S. called an 'extraordinary rendition' of Abu Omar was 'unnecessary' because he did not pose a sufficient threat and had been under investigation by Italian authorities," Dilanian writes. [Read more:  TheEnvoy/27May2011] 

10 Years Later, Convicted Spy from Viera Plans Appeal. Ten years after his conviction for dishing NATO documents to the Soviets, former Viera resident George Trofimoff still claims he's innocent.

The retired Army Reserve Colonel, currently incarcerated at a federal prison 85 miles north of Los Angeles, became the highest ranked U.S. military official convicted of espionage in 2001 when a federal jury in Tampa handed down its decision after 11-1/2 hours of deliberation in 2001.

In a letter to a FLORIDA TODAY reporter who sought permission to obtain his FBI file, Trofimoff said he "thought that it might interest you that I have just initiated a new motion for a writ of Habeas Corpus."

He also sent a copy of the appeal he filed in a Los Angeles federal court on April 7.

"Let us hope that this time around, I will finally obtain justice as I have committed no crime which I was charged with, and have maintained from the beginning to the present that I am innocent and a victim of a serious case of miscarriage of justice," Trofimoff wrote. [Read more:  FloridaToday/25May2011] 

U.S. Seeks to Withhold Secret Data From Judge. The Obama administration sought Thursday to prevent a lawyer for a former C.I.A. officer convicted in Italy in the kidnapping of a radical Muslim cleric from privately sharing classified information about the case with a Federal District Court judge.

In a hearing before the judge, Beryl A. Howell, the Justice Department said that only the executive branch has the power to make decisions about classified information, including whether the lawyer, Mark S. Zaid, can tell the judge what he knows.

"There is no right for the plaintiff to give the court classified information at all," said Brigham J. Bowen, a Justice Department lawyer. He said Mr. Zaid's "obligation is to protect against all disclosures, including to the court."

Mr. Zaid, who has represented many Central Intelligence Agency officers, holds a security clearance. As a federal jurist, Judge Howell is authorized to see classified information that is necessary to resolve a case.

The judge pronounced herself "literally speechless" at the government's assertions. But she directed Mr. Zaid to answer, in writing, the government's objections to his request for a closed hearing to convey the classified information, saying she would rule later on whether to order such a hearing.

The dispute came in a lawsuit filed by Sabrina De Sousa, one of 23 people convicted in Italy in the kidnapping of the cleric, known as Abu Omar. Prosecutors said all 23 were C.I.A. employees. [Read more:  Shane/NYTimes/27May2011] 

Pressure Mounts on UK Over Former Spy. Pressure has continued to mount on Phillip Machemedze, the former Central Intelligence Organization operative granted asylum in the United Kingdom, with Zimbabweans demonstrating to have him deported or be prosecuted.

On Friday, political activists in the UK organized demonstrations against Machemedze, who is said to have confessed torturing political activists, an allegation his lawyer, Masimba Mavaza denies.

A pressure group Zimbabwe Vigil, was incensed by the approval of Machemedze's asylum application and was petitioning the government to reverse the court's decision. Meanwhile they have organized demonstrations.

Mavaza confirmed pressure had mounted against Machemedze but blamed "ex-Rhodesians and the British media for whipping up emotions" against his client. A group of former Rhodesians under the name New Rhodesia Front, wrote to the British Prime Minister urging him to deport Machemedze.

Mavaza also claimed the British media was publishing pictures of Zimbabweans who were tortured in the 2008 presidential election run-off and alleging that Machemedze was behind the torture. [Read more:  NewsDay/30May2011]

Obama Picks Combat-Tested General Martin Dempsey to Head Joint Chiefs of Staff. President Obama has named US Army Chief of Staff Gen. Martin Dempsey to be the next chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

As the nation's highest-ranking military officer and senior uniformed advisor to the Commander-in-chief, Gen. Dempsey will join a recently reorganized Obama administration national security team in the midst of an unusually critical set of multiple tasks.

Among the challenges: military disengagement from Iraq, an unconventional war in Afghanistan that includes secret missions in Pakistan, foreseeing and planning for an evolving set of threats (some of them connected to violent political unrest in North Africa and the Middle East), and questions about major weapons systems and the disposition of US forces around the world as Washington struggles with difficult issues of budget and debt.

Dempsey, who replaces retiring US Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, faces Senate confirmation hearings - as he did when he took over the Army's top job less than two months ago.

"During his 36 years of active service, General Dempsey is one who has never been satisfied with the status-quo - a quality I have always looked for when selecting our military's senior leaders," Defense Secretary Robert Gates said at the time. "He has always impressed me with his keen mind, strategic vision, quiet confidence and the energy he brings to every assignment.... A real soldier-scholar." [Read more:  Knickerbocker/CSMonitor/20May2011] 

Five Libyan Generals Announce Defection. Five generals, two colonels and a major have announced their defection from Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's forces and said Libya's army was now at 20 per cent capacity.

Italian foreign ministry spokesman Maurizio Massari told reporters the officers had deserted thanks to "the careful, competent and determined work of our intelligence service".

"You have made the right choice to abandon a regime without a future," he said as he introduced the officers and representatives of Libya's rebels at a press conference.

Abdel Rahman Shalgham, a former foreign minister who served as Tripoli's representative at the United Nations before switching sides, said: "These officers are among 120 who left Gaddafi and Libya over the last few days."

"We hope more will join us and the Libyan people, and leave the side of this despot and criminal," he said.

General Salah Giuma Yahmed said the ongoing defections meant Gaddafi's forces could no longer prop up the regime. [Read more:  SMH/31May2011] 

How a Cell Phone Took CIA to Osama in Abbottabad. The Americans used a simple cell phone tracking mechanism, which can be developed with less than $10 million for 100 million cell phone users, to trace Osama Bin Laden in Abbottabad through a call intercepted by the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), well-placed sources well versed with American technology techniques confided to The News.

The mechanism could be used for both, tracing the cell phones and the Sims but in some countries legal problems emerge in tracing the Sims and in case of Ahmad Al-Kuwaiti, OBL's courier, it was a phone call that he attended, which resulted in his presence at a particular location. [Read more:  Manzoor/TheNews/27May2011]

Kuwait Busts Alleged Iran and Hezbollah Spy Rings. Kuwait has busted new spy rings reportedly working for Iran and Hezbollah, a Kuwaiti daily said.

One of the espionage networks is made up of four people, including a military officer working in a sensitive agency, Al Siyassah said Saturday.

The news comes two months after a Kuwaiti court sentenced two Iranians to death for their alleged role in a spy ring for Iran and busted in Kuwait in 2010. Iran has invariably denied charges that it has set up any espionage network in Kuwait.

Al Siyassah, quoting sources it did not identify, said that the investigations into the new spy rings are being conducted away from the media to ensure the highest levels of secrecy, but are about to end and that the four members will soon be referred to the public prosecutor.

According to the sources, the alleged spies were from different countries, including Iran, Syria and Lebanon and were members of Hezbollah.

"The spies were waiting for a deterioration of the situation in Bahrain to launch their sabotage operations in Kuwait," the sources said.

"Based on their confessions and on the material found in their possession, the acts of terror and sabotage targeted vital centers and shopping complexes in order to cause the highest number of casualties and terrorize people." [Read more:  Toumi/GulfNews/31May2011] 

Two New Judges Appointed to Intelligence Court. The Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court has named two new federal district court judges to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to replace two others whose term had expired. The FIS Court is responsible for reviewing government applications for electronic surveillance and physical search under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.

The new appointments are Judge Jennifer B. Coffman of the Eastern District of Kentucky, and Judge F. Dennis Saylor of the District of Massachusetts.

Both judges were appointed for a seven year term effective May 19, 2011, said Sheldon L. Snook, Esq., the Administrative Assistant to the Chief Judge of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.

They replace outgoing FIS Court members Judge Dee Benson and Judge Frederick J. Scullin, Jr. whose term on the Court ended May 18.

"At least one of these [FIS Court] judges is available at all times...24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year - for the purpose of reviewing government applications to use FISA authorities and, if those applications are sufficient, approving them by issuing an order," said Sen. Dianne Feinstein this week.

"During calendar year 2010, the Government made 1,579 applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for authority to conduct electronic surveillance and/or physical searches for foreign intelligence purposes," according to the latest Justice Department report to Congress on implementation of the FISA.

The jurisdiction of the FIS Court has also been modified by statute in recent years. "The FISA Amendments Act, adopted in July 2008, made it so that FISA orders for surveillance in the U.S. of targets reasonably believed to be abroad no longer have to be obtained," observed Greg Nojeim of the Center for Democracy and Technology. "As a result, a significant amount of surveillance that used to be reflected in the FISA court order numbers isn't reflected in them any more." [Read more:  SecrecyNews/31May2011] 

'Empire Challenge' Promotes Intelligence Interoperability. A handheld device that would give new intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities to warfighters and an airframe equipped with "plug and play" sensors are among new technologies being tested during U.S. Joint Forces Command's Empire Challenge 2011 demonstration.

The demonstration kicked off May 23 and continues through June 3, bringing together more than 2,000 participants worldwide in a live, joint and coalition ISR interoperability demonstration, John Kittle, Empire Challenge project manager, told reporters yesterday.

The annual exercise showcases emerging technologies and provides lessons learned to improve intelligence collection and analysis and test better ways to get it out to warfighters who need it.

The demonstration's three priority objectives focus on interoperability between the services' distributed common ground systems and between U.S. and coalition partners, and in incorporating new and emerging sensors, Kittle explained. [Read more:  Miles/Defense.gov/31May2011] 

Australia Returns Passport to Ex-Gitmo Detainee. An Egyptian-born Australian has had his passport returned six years after his release from the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay because he is no longer considered a risk to national security, intelligence officials said Friday.

Mamdouh Habib was arrested in Pakistan in late 2001 and held as a suspected terrorist without charge before being returned from the U.S. prison on Cuba to Australia in 2005.

Australia's top spy agency said it had provided a "non-adverse security assessment" to Habib's latest passport application in March.

"This was not a recanting of its previous assessment, but rather a new assessment based on new information, circumstances and factors relevant to the issue of whether Mr. Habib currently poses a risk to Australia's security," the Australian Security Intelligence Organization said.

The statement it released Friday did not give specifics about the case. [Read more:  AP/31May2011] 

CIA Official Calls for Reform of Secrecy System. The federal government needs to scrap the way it classifies information as secret and start anew with "a clean sheet of paper," a CIA official said Thursday.

"Our system was developed with typewriters and carbon paper," said Harry Cooper Jr., CIA chief of classification management. "Change is needed and we must start now."

Cooper spoke before about 100 people at a forum hosted by the Public Interest Declassification Board, a government advisory body based at the National Archives and Records Administration.

The existing framework, with its boundaries between "confidential," "secret" and "top secret" information, dates back to the 1940s and has evolved only modestly since, Cooper said. To adapt to an age of electronic networks and skyrocketing volumes of data, the government needs to change the way it classifies information, stores such information, and decides how much access individuals should have, Cooper said. Without an overhaul, he added, "government business itself - as well as public access - will be impossible."

"Only with a clean sheet of paper can we design a classification system that will work in today's environment." [Read more:  Reilly/FederalTimes/26May2011] 

NSA to Modernize With Cloud and Crypto Centers. If knowledge is power, then no one is more powerful than the National Security Agency. A motto for the shadowy eyes and ears responsible for America's national defense is "technology never sleeps." It takes a 24/7/365 global workforce to support the NSA's mission. When thought of that way, it's easier to understand how the NSA slurps up as much data every six hours as is stored in the entire Library of Congress. Imagine collecting about 74 terabytes of raw data every six hours, or enough data to fill four Library of Congress centers every 24 hours!

How could the super secret spook agency stockpile that much surveillance every day? Think along the lines of 75,000 men and women eavesdropping on the world by way of 12 satellites circling the globe, 50 aircraft modified to electronically eavesdrop, and every U.S. attack submarine having NSA intercept personnel onboard to make the most of electronic surveillance. According to author and historian Matthew Aid, "The USS Jimmy Carter submarine works exclusively for NSA tapping cables under the water." In an interview with 60 Minutes, Aid explained more about how the NSA electronically collects intelligence. [Storm/PCWorld/28May2011] 

Feinstein Honors Defense Intelligence Agency. The Senate has unanimously approved S. Res. 86, honoring the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) on its 50th anniversary. The resolution was introduced on March 1 by U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. 

DIA oversees intelligence analysis throughout the Department of Defense, including analytic work performed at the Army National Ground Intelligence Center, the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Air Force National Air and the Space Intelligence Center, the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, and 10 U.S. combatant command intelligence operations centers.

Chairman Feinstein said, "Over the last 50 years, the intelligence collected and analyzed by the men and women of DIA has informed the Nation's civilian and military leaders during crises and conflicts - from the Cold War to the current struggle against international terrorism." 

"Because of the nature of intelligence and the need for secrecy, we in Congress often are understandably reluctant to draw unnecessary attention to our intelligence services and the vital and sometimes dangerous work they do to protect our Nation," Feinstein added. "However, at this important 50th anniversary, it is appropriate to reflect on DIA's history of important contributions while also honoring its professionals, past and present." [Read more: DIA/16May2011]

Section II - CONTEXT & PRECEDENCE

Thompson Recalls Past as Allied Spy. Since about the time following the Civil War, people around the U.S. have taken time to remember on Memorial Day, even before the holiday became official in 1967.

Frequently, that remembering takes place in the nation's cemeteries for those who have passed away in service of the nation.

William Thompson of Leavenworth, on the other hand, is a living history lesson.

The 89-year-old is a World War II veteran, having served in both the European and Asian theaters. But he wasn't on the front lines in places like Normandy Beach or Iwo Jima. Instead, Thompson was far behind enemy line as part of a small, elite group of soldiers in what at the time was a new intelligence organization - the Office of Strategic Services.

That organization, formed in 1942 during World War II at the direction of President Franklin Roosevelt, was to serve as a sort of precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency.

Sixty-seven years from his service, Thompson can't recall everything. But once his memory is jogged, details begin to surface. His story with the OSS started in late 1943, when Thompson was at Camp Crawford, Mo., teaching young recruits code - a skill he said he had knowledge of from his youth as an amateur radio operator.

"I got sick of that real quick," he said of the training. "Then they called for volunteers who wanted to go overseas and I said yeah."

Excited at the chance to see action, Thompson said he didn't know at the time that the assignment was for covert operations.

Thompson was among 100 officers and 60 radio operators who met the requirements for OSS service, according to "Cloak and Dagger in World War II: Behind the Lines with a Secret Agent of OSS in Europe and the Far East," a 2007 project for the Command and General Staff College by Maj. William Linn.

Thompson recalls in the book that the rate at which he could transmit Morse code was about twice the standard rate of the OSS - 30 words per minute as opposed to 15. Thompson also had skills as a sharpshooter, having led his high school rifle team in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, to a state championship, and some experience with foreign languages such as French and German.

All of that experience would come in handy during the roughly six months of training at Area B, the OSS's training ground, in exercises that sometimes included explosives and live ammunition that narrowed the field of OSS candidates event further.

Training then moved to England, where Thompson said he trained for parachuting alongside English and French soldiers and the number of American recruits was further whittled down to 43 who would become part of Operation Jedburgh. [Read more:  Linn/LeavenWorthTimes/25May2011] 

Why Are Spy Researchers Building a 'Metaphor Program'? A small research arm of the U.S. government's intelligence establishment wants to understand how speakers of Farsi, Russian, English, and Spanish see the world by building software that automatically evaluates their use of metaphors.

That's right, metaphors, like Shakespeare's famous line, "All the world's a stage," or more subtly, "The darkness pressed in on all sides." Every speaker in every language in the world uses them effortlessly, and the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity wants know how what we say reflects our worldviews. They call it The Metaphor Program, and it is a unique effort within the government to probe how a people's language reveals their mindset.

"The Metaphor Program will exploit the fact that metaphors are pervasive in everyday talk and reveal the underlying beliefs and worldviews of members of a culture," declared an open solicitation for researchers released last week. A spokesperson for IARPA declined to comment at the time. [Read more:  Madrigal/TheAtlantic/25May2011] 

Office of the Director of National Intelligence, As Delivered by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, Virginia, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Thank you. I'm honored to be here today.

This has been a good month for the intelligence community. And while operations have gotten a lot of attention lately - and rightly so - we analysts still have our place. One of the lessons I took from my years at CIA was to take a hard look at what appear to be clever or elegant operations - the kind that supposedly can't go wrong. When I was deputy DCI in the 1980s, I was briefed on a plan to launch balloons into Libya dropping leaflets telling the people to overthrow the government. I told them to make sure the leaflets specifically said that it was Qaddafi they were to overthrow. I could imagine strong westerly winds carrying balloons with a generic "overthrow your government" right across Libya and into Egypt. I thought President Mubarak would not be pleased.

Clearly a few things have changed since then - and I certainly have some empathy for those caught by surprise. I've had my own embarrassing moments on that front, one of which came early in my career, when I was in Geneva, Switzerland as an intelligence adviser in the fall of 1973. I was giving Ambassador Paul Nitze his morning intelligence briefing, and his eye was caught by one item in particular - CIA's analysis that Egypt would not attack Israel. Nitze asked me if I spoke French. I said no. He asked if I listened to the radio. I said no. He said, "Well, if you listened to the radio and understood French you would have known before you came in here that Egypt has already attacked Israel." Unbeknownst to me, the Yom Kippur War had begun that morning.

But history aside, I'd most like to speak just about the progress we've made - the critical importance of cooperation and interaction between the military and the intelligence community, an area that has vastly improved in the past decade. After Vietnam, the CIA and military cultures had diverged - at least until September 11, 2001. Indeed, when I was in Baghdad with the Iraq study group in September 2006, I spent an hour or so with the COS. And I asked him about the CIA-military relationship. He replied, 'oh sir, it's so much better than when you were DCI.'

It a lot of took work and a lot of talent to get us here. As you may know, I was opposed to the creation of the DNI position and apparatus back in 2004. I was convinced that the DCI could be strengthened to accomplish the goals set forth by the 9/11 commission. I was very surprised, then, to be asked in January 2005 by President Bush to become the first DNI. After much soul-searching, I declined, and then told my wife I never again would need to worry about being asked to return to government. Another of my great analytical successes. [Read more:  Gates/Defense.gov/25May2011] 

CIA Officers, Deaths Kept Secret for 13 Years, Are Among US Remembrance Day's Anonymous Heroes. For a small cadre of CIA veterans, the death of Osama bin Laden was more than just a national moment of relief and closure. It was also a measure of payback, a settling of a score for a pair of deaths, the details of which have remained secret for 13 years.

Tom Shah and Molly Huckaby Hardy were among the 44 people killed when a truck bomb exploded outside the U.S. Embassy in Kenya in 1998. Though it has never been publicly acknowledged, the two were working undercover for the CIA. In al-Qaida's war on the United States, they are believed to have been the first CIA casualties.

Monday is Memorial Day in the United States, when survivors honour their dead from military or other service to the country. The names of Hardy and Shah probably will not be among those read at Memorial Day observances, because like many CIA officers, their service remained a secret in both life and death, marked only by anonymous stars on the wall at CIA headquarters and blank entries in its book of honour.

Their CIA ties were described to The Associated Press by a half-dozen current and former U.S. officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because Shaw's and Hardy's jobs remain secret, even now.

The deaths weighed heavily on many at the CIA, particularly the two senior officers who were running operations in Africa when the embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were bombed in simultaneous 1998 attacks. During the past decade, as the CIA waged war against al-Qaida, those two officers have taken on central roles in counterterrorism. Both were deeply involved in hunting down bin Laden and planning the raid on the terrorist who killed their colleagues in Nairobi.

"History has shown that tyrants who threaten global peace and freedom must eventually face their natural enemies: America's war fighters, and the silent warriors of our Intelligence Community," CIA Director Leon Panetta wrote in a Memorial Day message to agency employees.

These silent warriors took very different paths to Nairobi. [Read more:  Goldman/CanadianPress/28May2011] 

How the USSR Used Hot Asphalt to Find an American Spy Plane. When classified planes were being built in Area 51, the Soviet Union's spy satellites made out their shapes the same way people can tell if a car has been parked in a certain space on a hot day.

Regardless of what else has been housed at Area 51, the OXCART project found a home there in the late 1950s. OXCART's team was building a spy plane that would succeed the U2. During these tests, scientists rolled prototype planes along stretches of asphalt and checked to see if they could duck radar. Those that showed up on radar were scrapped, and the designs that went by unseen were refined.

Unfortunately, the lack of tree cover made OXCART easy pickings for Soviet surveillance. Soviet planes and satellites went over Area 51 regularly. American intelligence determined the Soviet's surveillance schedule, so they built small sheds that they could quickly roll the planes into. This process of rushing the prototypes under cover was known as "hoot and scoot."

The USSR did get an outline of an OXCART prototype, but not because the hoot-and-scooters were caught off-guard. See, the OXCART planes sat on the baking asphalt all day, blocking the rays of the sun. As the pavement around them heated, it gave off infrared light. When the satellites passed overhead, the area where the planes had blocked the sunlight stood out as a dark hole in a glowing surface. It was even possible to detect where the engines were on the plane. [Read more:  Inglis-Arkell/io9/31May2011] 

Section III - COMMENTARY

Turning a Blind Eye to Espionage. I believe academics have a responsibility to tell the absolute truth, no matter how unpalatable.

Manning Clark, perhaps Australia's most famous historian, failed lamentably to meet this standard, by his own admission, with respect to a subject of great national importance.

Clark was a close friend of Ian Milner, a New Zealander who had moved to Australia in early 1940 to take up a post in the department of political science at the University of Melbourne. In early 1944, when Milner was acting head of that department, he had appointed Clark to a temporary lectureship; it was Clark's entree to an academic career, for which he remained grateful to Milner for the rest of his life.

Milner left Melbourne University and joined the Department of External Affairs in Canberra in February 1945, where he became a spy for the Soviet Union. Decrypts of the cable traffic between the intelligence "residency" in the Soviet Embassy in Canberra and Moscow centre, code-named Venona, show that in 1945-46, Milner regularly passed highly classified British post-war strategic planning documents to the Soviets; he was probably, for that two-year period, the most important member of the KGB's network in Australia.

Milner moved to the United Nations in New York in early 1947, where he worked for more than three years, again regularly passing classified documents to Soviet intelligence.

He defected to Czechoslovakia in July 1950 when the KGB learned that US and British counter-espionage agencies had become aware of his activities. [Read more:  TheAustralian/25May2011] 

Forget a Cyber Maginot Line. The late JG Ballard once told the Guardian that in cyberspace "the entire human experience seems to unveil itself like the surface of a new planet". Whenever we log on we carry our essential human nature with us. Like people, cyberspace has a dark side and it is already shaping our future security environment. The openness of our society, our connectedness with the wider world and our hi-tech way of life is a source of strength. But openness also brings vulnerability.

Threats do not just come from malicious viruses or organized criminals stealing people's identity or money. Digital networks are now at the heart of our transport, power and communications systems, and our economy as a whole. This reliance brings the capacity for warfare to cyberspace. The consequences of a well-planned, well-executed attack against our digital infrastructure could be catastrophic. In this way, a single networked laptop might be as effective a weapon as, say, a cruise missile.

The national security strategy identifies cyber-attack in the top tier of risks to the UK over the next five years. An extra �650m has now been allocated to create a national cyber security program to fund work across government in partnership with business and other experts to strengthen our understanding, our resilience and our defenses.

Understanding is key. In the military sphere, whenever a new domain opens up, like air and space flight in the last century, the temptation is to devise wholly separate doctrines to address the new environment. But we must remember that cyber crime, cyber terrorism, cyber espionage, or cyber war are simply crime, terrorism, espionage or war by other means. Cyberspace adds a new dimension, but its use in warfare should be subject to the same strategic and tactical thought as existing means. Action in cyberspace will form part of the future battlefield, but it will be integrated rather than separate, complementary rather than alternative. Suggestions that cyber weapons will replace traditional weaponry are fanciful to say the least. Cyber will be part of a continuum of tools with which to achieve military effect, both defensive and otherwise, and will be an integral part of our armoury. That is why the MoD has created a new cyber operations group under the command of General Jonathan Shaw to mainstream cyber across the whole spectrum of defence operations and to ensure that the same framework of command and control that exists for traditional operations exists for cyber too. This will link into work being taken forward across Government to ensure a comprehensive approach. [Read more:  Guardian/30Mayh2011] 

The Adventurous World of Espionage. While reports are emerging that the perpetrators who carried out terror attacks on the PNS Mehran Base were aided by 'insiders,' the 'currently rattled' Pakistani armed forces should know that even the most formidable of armies in the world still continue to face similar situations where spies and facility agents have managed to shatter their defense mechanisms.

Although an irreparable damage has already been inflicted to the morale of the Pakistani forces and the general public by the afore-mentioned terrorism attacks, hunting down foreign spies and agents seems to be an unending process as far as the armies around the world are concerned - though most countries ensure that the traitors are rewarded exemplary punishments once they are caught and proven guilty.

Called 'facility agents' in the shady world of espionage, these 'insiders' work side by side the spies who infiltrate the ranks of their national enemies to collect information concerning the size and strength of their rival forces, before undertaking clandestine operations such as the attacks on the Pakistan army headquarters (GHQ) at Rawalpindi on October 10, 2009 and the more recent one on PNS Mehran Base at Karachi.

To ensure the success of these covert or subversive attacks, the facility agents are normally entrusted with the task to provide access to the targeted sensitive buildings and technologies. These facility agents and spies have been everywhere since the era of India's first emperor called Chandra-Gupta Maurya and from the times of the ancient Greek, Roman, Chinese and Egyptian dynasties. [Read more:  Shah/TheNews/30May2011]

Global Crime and Terrorism Need an International Response. With organized crime and terrorism increasingly operating across international boundaries, Europol Director Rob Wainwright talks to Dean Carroll about the agency's efforts to keep up.

Describing himself as "not the archetypal hardline cop and not a great disciplinarian", Europol director Rob Wainwright is a lot more candid than you would expect. This is someone who has worked at the cutting edge of intelligence analysis to combat organized crime and terrorism, for more than 20 years - first in the UK and then at a supranational level.

The 44-year-old speaks Spanish, English and Welsh and describes his own management style as "open and engaging". He explains further: "I aim to create a happy atmosphere at work so that people can be more productive. It is, perhaps, a more modern style of leadership - but I am still very much focused on creating and communicating an inspiring vision of what this organization is all about to my staff. Externally, I am serving a community of police teams around the European Union and so I have some very important stakeholder relationships with police chiefs, ministers and people in the commission and parliament. A lot of my job is, therefore, about external engagement, building networks and working with political agendas as well. It is important to manage these complex set of relationships well."

Europol has 620 staff operating out of its headquarters at The Hague, in the Netherlands. High on the agency's agenda are the new forms of crime and criminal organizations, which have received a shot in the arm thanks to technological advances like the internet and smart phones. "For 10 years, criminal networks have been changing," admits Wainwright. "Back in the 1980s and 1990s, we had these large monolithic drug organizations - particular in Colombia, for example - but since then they have been transformed into more mobile, smaller and more dynamic organized crime groups. And the internet has been the main catalyst for change; it has opened up a whole new world of opportunity for the criminals to target citizens directly - through online fraud, for example. [Read more:  Wainwright/PublicServiceEurope/31May2011] 

Section IV - Research Request

Section V - COMING EVENTS

Coming Educational Events

EDUCATIONAL EVENTS IN COMING TWO MONTHS....

MANY Spy Museum Events in May and June with full details are listed on the AFIO Website at www.afio.com. The titles for some of these are in detail below and online.

Thursday, 2 June 2011, 5:30 to 9 pm - Dayton, OH - CIA Evening Presentation on "Stories of Sacrifice and Dedication: Civil Air Transport, Air America, and the CIA"

The CIA, in partnership with the National Museum of the USAF, presents an evening which pays tribute to the sacrifice and dedication of Civil Air Transport (CAT) and Air America (AAM). These special CIA proprietaries were essential for covert operations, providing search and rescue, and photo reconnaissance in east and southeast Asia from the end of WWII through the Vietnam War. The highlight of the event will be the public release of 900 recently declassified documents from CAT and AA corporate files and CIA holdings spanning 1946 to 1978.
LOCATION: At the National Museum of USAF at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH. Craig Duehring, retired Asst Secretary of the Air Force serves as keynote speaker. Mr. Duehring served as a USAF forward air controller in South Vietnam and Laos and will share his personal story of being rescued by Air America. The focus of the event will be two specific stories that exemplify the themes of sacrifice and dedication.

THREE RSVP/REGISTRATION CHOICES....ALL FREE

1. To RSVP/register as AFIO member and Guest and receive assured seats for the June 2nd evening-only Dayton, Ohio CIA event, do so here.

2. To RSVP as a member of the general public. The event is free and open to the public. No tickets are necessary but seating will be limited to the first 1,000 people. Seating will open at 4:30 p.m. on a first-come, first served basis. Those planning to attend are asked to RSVP by May 31 at http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CIA2011 or call (937) 255-1670. Refreshments will also be available for purchase throughout the evening. More information from the USAF Museum is here: http://tinyurl.com/3w7o39c

3. To Register for this event PLUS Air America Assn programs before and after June 2, follow the instructions in this PDF from the Air America Assn website:
http://www.air-america.org/Reunion/2011/2011reunionregistration.pdf

Updated Agenda as of 17 May 2011: Stories of Sacrifice and Dedication:  Civil Air Transport, Air America, and the CIA
National Museum of the United States Air Force, 2 June 2001, 5:30pm-9:00pm
5:30 pm – 5:35 pm   Welcome and opening remarks -- Lt. Gen. (Ret) Jack Hudson, Director, National Museum of the United States Air Force
5:35 pm – 5:40 pm   The CIA’s Historical Review Program: Improving Accessibility of Agency Documents -- Mr. Joe Lambert, Director, Information Management Services, CIA
5:40 pm - 6:10 pm    Keynote Speaker  -- Hon. Craig Duehring
6:10 pm – 7:15 pm   Teamwork and Sacrifice at Lima Site 85 -- Dr. Tim Castle, CIA historian
7:15 pm – 7:45 pm   Intermission
7:45 pm – 7:50 pm   Introduction to Extraordinary Fidelity -- Dr. Nick Dujmovic, CIA historian
7:50 pm – 8:50 pm   Extraordinary Fidelity (CIA Documentary Film) -- Produced by CIA’s Center for the Study of Intelligence
8:50 pm – 8:55 pm   Remarks on the film -- Dr. Nick Dujmovic, CIA historian
8:55 pm – 9:00 pm   Exchanging of Commemorative Awards and Closing Remarks -- Mr. Joe Lambert and Lt. Gen. (Ret) Jack Hudson

2 June 2011 - San Francisco, CA - The AFIO Jim Quesada Chapter hosts Craig Fair, Acting Section Chief, FBI Counterintelligence Division at Headquarters.

The topic will be on Russian Foreign Intelligence Service's Illegals Network and Investigation in the U.S. The meeting will be held at UICC, 2700 45th Avenue, San Francisco (between Sloat/Wawona): 11:30AM no host cocktails; noon - luncheon. $25 member rate with advance reservation and payment; $35 non-member/no reservation. E-mail RSVP to Mariko Kawaguchi (please indicate meat or fish) at afiosf@aol.com and mail a check made out to "AFIO" to: Mariko Kawaguchi, P.O. Box 117578, Burlingame, CA 94011.

Friday, 3 June 2011, 10:30 am - 2 pm - McLean, VA - David Wise discusses Chinese Espionage; Douglas Waller describes the early years of the OSS and Wild Bill Donovan at the AFIO National Spring/Summer Luncheon

Morning speaker is author Douglas Waller on "WILD BILL DONOVAN: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage." Our afternoon speaker is David Wise on what will be his first release of "TIGER TRAP: America's Secret Spy War With China." Register here.

Tuesday, 21 June 2011, 7 - 9pm - Washington, DC - "Deception and Spycraft: Military Intelligence in the Civil War" - Spy Seminar Series on Civil War Spies at the International Spy Museum

Spy Seminar Series: Civil War Spies - A Three-Part Exploration of Union and Confederate Intelligence Operations.
The North and the South both had their share of intelligence successes (and failures); neither the Blue nor the Gray were strangers to intrigue and espionage. Society ladies carried secret messages, runaway slaves re-crossed the Mason-Dixon Line as undercover agents, and couriers worked covert operations in the life or death climate of wartime. In this series, a distinguished group of historians and espionage experts will introduce you to some of the most amazing spies and spy cases of the conflict.
Spy Museum historian Mark Stout; Professor William B. Feis, of Buena Vista University, author of Grant's Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox; and James A. Davis, Professor of Musicology at State University of New York—Fredonia, for a fascinating discussion of intelligence in America's bloodiest war.
International Spy Museum: 800 F Street, NW Washington, DC. Gallery Place/Chinatown Metrorail Station
Tickets: Series Tickets: $60; Individual Tickets: $25
Register at: www.spymuseum.org

22 June 2011 - San Diego, CA - The AFIO San Diego Chapter hosts San Diego District Attorney, Bonnie Dumanis (and candidate for Mayor) as our guest speaker

To Register or for more information email Darryl at DRT1083@aol.com

Thursday, 23 June 2011, 6:30 pm - Washington, DC - "David Wise on America's Secret Spy War with China" at the International Spy Museum

Join renowned intelligence author David Wise as he reveals the full story of China's many victories and defeats in its ongoing espionage war with America. To write his new book Tiger Trap: America's Secret Spy War with China, Wise interviewed key insiders in the FBI and CIA as well as Chinese agents and people close to them to gather the unvarnished stories of Chinese espionage. Wise will share the honey traps, double agents, and mind-blowing objectives of the rapidly emerging Asian superpower.
International Spy Museum: 800 F Street, NW Washington, DC. Gallery Place/Chinatown Metrorail Station
TICKETS: $12.50 per person. Register at www.spymuseum.org

Saturday, 25 June 2011 - Salem, MA - The AFIO New England Chapter meeting features Mary Margaret Graham, former Associate DNI, Collection, and CIA COS for NY.

Our schedule is as follows: Registration & gathering, 1000 - 1130, membership meeting; 1130 – 1200. Luncheon at 1200 followed by our speaker, with adjournment at 2:30PM.
Our speaker will be Mary Margaret Graham, former Associate DNI for Collection, and CIA COS in NYC on 9/11. She was in the WTC when the planes hit. Ms. Graham is a veteran of the Clandestine Service and has had a variety of assignments overseas.
Note, as this meeting is a one day event we have not made any hotel arrangements.

Locale: the Salem Waterfront Hotel located in Salem MA. The hotel web site is here: http://www.salemwaterfronthotel.com/. For directions to the hotel look here: http://www.salemwaterfronthotel.com/location.html
Information about Salem MA and local hotels can be found here: http://salem.org/
Questions, comments, etc. to afionechapter@gmail.com

Tuesday, 28 June 2011, 7 - 10 pm - Washington, DC - "Dinner With A Spy" - Jim Woolsey at the International Spy Museum

Former U.S. Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) R. James Woolsey headed the CIA and intelligence community at a time of great change and challenge. Woolsey was appointed by President Clinton in 1993 to serve as DCI. During this intimate dinner, Woolsey will share what it was like to serve as DCI during that tumultuous time: the Cold War was ending and the Agency was suffering from the recent revelation that intelligence officer Aldrich Ames had been a Soviet mole inside the Agency. Come participate in this lively exchange hosted by CIA veteran and International Spy Museum executive director Peter Earnest, who served as DCI Woolsey's spokesman.
WHERE: International Spy Museum: 800 F Street, NW Washington, DC. Gallery Place/Chinatown Metrorail Station
Price: $200 per person
Register at www.spymuseum.org

11 - 13 July 2011 - Dungarvan, IRELAND. 2nd Annual Global Intelligence Forum by Mercyhurst College's Institute for Intelligence Studies
Last July in Dungarvan, Ireland the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies (MCIIS) hosted this event which explored the nature of analysis and its application in various disciplines, including law enforcement, national security and competitive intelligence, building bridges between analytic practitioners and scholars within those disciplines, and exploring best practices in terms of teaching analytic methodologies. Takeaways for attendees were a deeper and broader appreciation of the value of different analytic methods, which can be borrowed as ―best practices from other disciplines, as well as instruction on the application. Attended by 180 people from 17 countries the forum was very well received.
This year's July 11-13 forum theme will be the relationship between intelligence and the decision-maker and we've gathered an outstanding group of international speakers and panelists (http://globalintelligenceforum.com). In addition we will be offering two proven training courses following the forum one designed for decision-makers in various disciplines and the other for analysts .
Five or more AFIO members that attend will be given a 10% discount on registration. It's a wonderful excuse for a July vacation in Ireland and Dungarvan is a perfect venue (www.dungarvan.com).

Tuesday, 19 July 2011, 7 - 9pm - Washington, DC - "The Lincoln Assassination Conspiracies " - Spy Seminar Series on Civil War Spies at the International Spy Museum

Spy Seminar Series: Civil War Spies - A Three-Part Exploration of Union and Confederate Intelligence Operations.
The North and the South both had their share of intelligence successes (and failures); neither the Blue nor the Gray were strangers to intrigue and espionage. Society ladies carried secret messages, runaway slaves re-crossed the Mason-Dixon Line as undercover agents, and couriers worked covert operations in the life or death climate of wartime. In this series, a distinguished group of historians and espionage experts will introduce you to some of the most amazing spies and spy cases of the conflict.
Location: Ford's Theatre - Join renowned experts Michael Kauffman, author of American Brutus; Frank J. Williams, Chairman of The Lincoln Forum and Chief Justice (ret) of Rhode Island; and H. Donald Winkler, author of Stealing Secrets and Lincoln and Booth: More Light on the Conspiracy; for a rounded view of the conspiracies and realities of the horrific events of April 14th, 1865.
International Spy Museum: 800 F Street, NW Washington, DC. Gallery Place/Chinatown Metrorail Station
Tickets: Series Tickets: $60; Individual Tickets: $25
Register at: www.spymuseum.org

Wednesday, 20 July 2011, 12 noon - Washington, DC - "The Triple Agent: The Al Qaeda Mole Who Infiltrated the CIA" a book event at the International Spy Museum

For more than a decade, the United States has been hunting Ayman al-Zawahiri, the number two man in Al Qaeda. In 2009, the Agency was finally getting close to bagging this "High-Value Target"—its partners in the Jordanian General Intelligence Directorate had a source named Humam Khalil al-Balawi working inside Al Qaeda and he knew where Zawahiri was. Or so Jordanian intelligence and the CIA thought. In fact, Al Qaeda was running a sophisticated deception against them. In December 2009 al-Balawi came to Forward Operating Base Chapman, a CIA base in Khost, Afghanistan and detonated a thirty-pound bomb strapped to his chest, instantly killing seven CIA officers and one Jordanian intelligence officer. It was the CIA's greatest loss of life in decades. In The Triple Agent, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Joby Warrick takes us deep inside the CIA's secret war against Al Qaeda, a war that pits robotic planes and laser-guided missiles against a low-tech but cunning enemy. Join the author for this gripping true story of miscalculation, deception, and revenge, learn how Al Qaeda fooled the world's greatest intelligence service.
Tickets: Free! No Registration Required!

Tuesday, 26 July 2011, 7 - 9pm - Washington, DC - " Civil War Sisterhood of Spies" - Spy Seminar Series on Civil War Spies at the International Spy Museum
Spy Seminar Series: Civil War Spies - A Three-Part Exploration of Union and Confederate Intelligence Operations.
The North and the South both had their share of intelligence successes (and failures); neither the Blue nor the Gray were strangers to intrigue and espionage. Society ladies carried secret messages, runaway slaves re-crossed the Mason-Dixon Line as undercover agents, and couriers worked covert operations in the life or death climate of wartime. In this series, a distinguished group of historians and espionage experts will introduce you to some of the most amazing spies and spy cases of the conflict.
Location: the Willard Intercontinental Hotel - Ann Blackman author of Wild Rose will describe Wild Rose Greenhow's exploits in the nation's capitol, Amanda Ohlke, director of adult education at the International Spy Museum will trace Elizabeth Van Lew's colorful espionage career, and historical impersonator Emily Lapisardi will portray lively Confederate spy Antonia Ford.
International Spy Museum: 800 F Street, NW Washington, DC. Gallery Place/Chinatown Metrorail Station
Tickets: Series Tickets: $60; Individual Tickets: $25
Register at: www.spymuseum.org

Tuesday, 9 August 2011 - Tampa, FL - The AFIO Suncoast FL Chapter features Hon. Gus M. Bilirakis, Republican from Palm Harbor.

Gus Bilirakis was first elected to Congress on November 7, 2006, to represent Florida's Ninth Congressional District, which includes portions of Pasco, Pinellas, and Hillsborough counties. He is currently serving his third term in the United States House of Representatives. Gus currently serves on the Committees on Homeland Security, Veterans' Affairs and Foreign Affairs. Gus has been appointed Chairman of the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response and
Communication, a vital post for the state of Florida. In this role he will oversee the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and will work to enhance emergency preparedness across the nation. He has also been named Vice Chairman of the Veteran's Affairs Committee, where he will advocate for veterans and oversee the Department of Veterans Affairs. Additionally, Gus is a member of the Republican Party's Whip Team, is Chair of the Veterans' Affairs Task Force for the Republican Policy Committee, and is Co-Chairman of the Military Veterans Caucus.
Please RSVP no later than August 5th with the names of any guests. Refer to the information "To attend our Meeting" in the chapter newsletter for important details. Check-in at 1130 hours; opening ceremonies, lunch and business meeting at noon, followed by our speaker, the Hon. Gus Bilirakis. We have maintained the all-inclusive cost at $15. The cash wine and soda bar will open at 1100 hours for those that wish to come early to socialize. Further info at www.suncoastafio.org or contact Wallace S. Bruschweiler, Sr. at afiosuncoastvp@aol.com

24 - 26 August 2011 - Raleigh, NC - "Spies Among Us - The Secret World of Illegals" - theme of the 7th Raleigh Spy Conference

General Michael Hayden To Provide Personal Insights on the Bin Laden Operation as part of his keynote address at this conference.

For more information: www.raleighspyconference.com
email: cyndi@metromagazine.com
Location: North Carolina Museum of History, Downtown Raleigh, NC

For Additional Events two+ months or greater....view our online Calendar of Events

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