Weekly Intelligence Notes (WINs) are commentaries on Intelligence and related national security matters, based on open media sources, selected, interpreted, edited and produced by AFIO for non-profit educational uses by AFIO members and WIN subscribers. They are edited by Derk Kinnane Roelofsma (DKR), with input from AFIO members and staff.

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SECTION I - CURRENT INTELLIGENCE

FBI BREAKS UP CHINESE SPY RING IN L.A.

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH IN DOMESTIC SURVEILLANCE

SECTION II - CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE

QA�IDA FABRICATOR IDENTIFIED BEFORE BUSH REPEATED FABRICATIONS

EU LAUNCHES INQUIRY INTO ALLEGED SECRET CIA PRISONS

ITALIAN INTEL IDENTIFIES FORGERY DISSEMINATOR

SECTION III - CYBER INTELLIGENCE

NEED TO DECIPHER HARD DRIVES MEANS LONGER DETENTIONS

GOV AGENCIES TOLD TO ADOPT EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT

DLR AWARDS $6.3 MILLION IT CONTRACT TO ACCENTURE

SECTION IV -- BOOKS, SOURCES, AND ISSUES

Books

FORESEEING ANOTHER 9/11 OR WORSE

HOW COVERT ACTION AIDED THE NORMANDY INVASION

THE TALENTED FATHER OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE

Issues

NSA HISTORIAN SAYS TONKIN GULF INCIDENT REPORT FAKED

SECTION V - CAREERS, NOTES, LETTERS, QUERIES AND AUTHORS SEEKING ASSISTANCE, CORRECTIONS, OBITUARIES, COMING EVENTS

Notes

DNI DUCKS CIA EXEMPTION ISSUE

CLARKE ADVISED NYC ON BAG SEARCHES

Queries by Researchers

CONTRIBUTORS SOUGHT FOR SECURITY STUDIES ENCYCLOPEDIA

Obituaries

CHESTER L. COOPER

PETER KARLOW

8 - 13 November 05 - Hot Springs, VA - SpyRetreat 2005 Conference - Espionage: The Unknown Wars - held by CiCentre
9 November 05; 6:30 pm - Washington, DC - Driving Force: Terrorist Motivation, Past and Present
10-12 November 05 - Washington, DC - The World War II Veterans Committee holds Eighth Annual Conference
16 November 05; 7 - 10 pm - Washington, DC - International Spy Museum Dinner with Kremlin Spy Oleg Kalugin
17 November 05 - Colorado Springs, CO - Rocky Mountain AFIO Chapter holds luncheon speaker meeting
17 November 05 - Washington, DC - Undercover Washington: Where Famous Spies Lived, Worked and Loved. Talk and Book signing
19 November 05 - Kennebunk, ME - AFIO Maine Chapter CERT Training
3 December 05 - Orange Park, FL - AFIO North Florida Chapter Meeting
5-7 December 05 - Chantilly, VA - The MASINT Association 4th Annual MASINT Conference
13 December 05 - Tampa, FL- AFIO Suncoast Chapter Meeting
13-14 December 05 - Chantilly, VA - AFCEA Hosts their Fall Intelligence Symposium at the National Reconnaissance Office
16 December 05 - New York, NY - AFIO New York Metro Chapter Meeting -Intelligence Challenges in the Post 9/11 World.
27-28 January 06 - Springfield, VA - Conference on "INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS"
17-20 February 06 - Arlington, VA - The Intelligence Summit - 2006
4 March 06 - Orange Park, FL - AFIO North Florida Chapter Meeting
8 March 2006 - College Station, TX - Future of Transatlantic Security Relations
7-9 May 06 - Bethesda, MD - 2nd Annual INTELCON Exhibition and Symposium
3-8 September 2006 - Oxford, England - Spies, Lies & Intelligence Conference

SECTION I - CURRENT INTELLIGENCE

FBI BREAKS UP CHINESE SPY RING IN LA - FBI agents in Los Angeles arrested four Chinese on 4 November for trying to smuggle US military secrets to China, the BBC reported.
 
An FBI affidavit said they were charged with theft of government property, conspiracy and transportation of stolen goods. The suspects caused serious compromises for 15 years to major US weapons systems, including submarines and warships, the Washington Times reported.
www.washingtontimes.com/national/20051104-111851-2539r.htm 
The ring operated since 1990 and funneled technology and military secrets to China in the form of documents and computer disks, officials close to the case said.
Those arrested were Chi Mak and his wife, Rebecca Laiwah Chiu, naturalized US citizens, along with Chi's brother, Tai Wang Mak, and his wife, Fuk Heung Li, resident aliens who arrived from China in 2001.
Compromised information uncovered so far included sensitive data on Aegis battle management systems employed on US Navy destroyers and cruisers. China earlier this year deployed its first Aegis warship, intelligence officials have said.
The Chinese also obtained sensitive data on US submarines, including classified details related to the new Virginia-class attack submarines. Officials said that based on a preliminary assessment, China now will be able to track US submarines.
Chi, an electrical engineer, also had access to details of aircraft carriers. A Pentagon report made public earlier this year said China's military is building up capabilities to attack carriers.
China also is thought to have obtained information from the spy ring that will assist Chinese military development of electromagnetic pulse weapons that disrupt electronics.
It also is thought to have obtained UAV technology from the spy ring.
The arrests were made after electronic surveillance revealed Tai and his wife planned to travel to Guangzhou, China, to pass to Chinese officials several CDs that contained Navy weapons data, specifically information on Quiet Electric Drive systems.
"They were funneling information to 2 PLA," one official said, referring to the military intelligence unit of the People's Liberation Army. "The Chinese now know more about our military than we know about their entire country."
Chi held a secret-level security clearance and worked on more than 200 US defense and military contracts as an electrical engineer with the defense contractor Power Paragon, a subsidiary of L3/SPD Technologies/Power Systems Group in Anaheim, CA. (DKR)

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH IN DOMESTIC SURVEILLANCE - An exponentially growing practice of domestic surveillance under the USA Patriot Act is underway involving the FBI�s use of National Security Letters, the Washington Post reported on 6 November.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/05/AR2005110501366.html
NSLs were created in the 1970s for espionage and terrorism investigations, the Post said in a lengthy article. They enabled the FBI to review in secret customer records of suspected foreign agents. The Patriot Act, and Bush administration guidelines for its use, permitted clandestine scrutiny of US persons and visitors who are not alleged to be terrorists or spies.
The bureau now issues more than 30,000 NSLs a year, according to government sources, a hundredfold increase over historic norms. A single letter can be used to search the records of many people. Use of the letters is extending the FBI�s reach as never before into Americans� telephone calls, correspondence and financial lives.
Issued by FBI field supervisors, the letters do not require authorization by a prosecutor, grand jury or judge. Their use is not reviewed by DoJ or Congress. The Bush administration defeated legislation and a lawsuit to require a public accounting.
The Post said an unannounced decision has been taken to deposit all the information NSLs yield in government data banks and to share this data widely in the federal government and elsewhere. In late 2003, the Bush administration reversed a long-standing policy requiring agents to destroy their files on innocent American citizens, companies and residents when investigations closed. Late last month, President Bush signed Executive Order 13388, expanding access to those files for state, local and tribal governments and for appropriate private sector entities.
While an NSL cannot be used to eavesdrop or read the contents of e-mail, the records it yields describe where a person makes and spends money, with whom he lives and has previously lived, how much he gambles, what he buys online, what he pawns and borrows, where he travels, how he invests, what he searches for and reads on the Web, and who telephones or e-mails him at home and at work.
Changes involving NSLs are not among the provisions of the Patriot Act, adopted four years ago, that expire on 31 December, failing Congressional renewal. House and Senate conferees are poised to amplify the FBI's power to compel the secret surrender of private records, according to the Post.
The House and Senate have voted to make noncompliance with an NSL a criminal offense. The House would also impose a prison term for breach of secrecy.
"The beef with the NSLs is that they don't have even a pretense of judicial or impartial scrutiny," former representative Robert L. Barr Jr. of Georgia told the Post. He finds himself allied with the ACLU after a career as prosecutor, CIA analyst and conservative GOP stalwart. "There's no checks and balances whatever on them. It is simply some bureaucrat's decision that they want information, and they can basically just go and get it."
Career investigators and Bush administration officials emphasized, in congressional testimony and interviews with the Post that NSLs are for hunting terrorists, not fishing through the private lives of the innocent. The distinction is not as clear in practice, the Post says. (DKR)

SECTION II - CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE

QA�IDA FABRICATOR IDENTIFIED BEFORE BUSH REPEATED FABRICATIONS - A top member of al-Qa�ida in American custody was identified as a likely fabricator months before the Bush administration began to use his statements as the foundation for its claims that Iraq trained Qa�ida members to use biological and chemical weapons, according to newly declassified portions of a DIA document, the New York Times reported on 6 November.
www.nytimes.com/2005/11/06/politics/06intel.ready.html 
The document, an intelligence report from February 2002, said it was probable that the prisoner, Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, was intentionally misleading his debriefers.
Without mentioning him by name, President Bush and senior administration officials repeatedly cited Libi�s information as evidence that Iraq was training Qa�ida members in the use of explosives and illicit weapons.
The newly declassified portions of the document were made available by Carl Levin of Michigan, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee. Senate Republicans have been arguing that Republicans were not alone in making prewar assertions about Iraq, illicit weapons and terrorism that have since been discredited.
Libi, captured in Pakistan at the end of 2001, recanted his claims in January 2004. That prompted the CIA to recall all intelligence reports based on his statements. (DKR)

EU LAUNCHES INQUIRY INTO ALLEGED SECRET CIA PRISONS - The European Commission said on 4 November it would encourage governments in Eastern Europe to comment on allegations that the CIA had set up secret prisons in the region to interrogate terrorism suspects, AP reported.
www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/international/europe/05europe.html?pagewanted=all 
The day before, Human Rights Watch said it had evidence, based on tail numbers and flight logs of CIA aircraft from 2001 to 2004, that the agency transported suspects captured in Afghanistan http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/afghanistan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo to Poland and Romania.
Counterterrorism sources confirmed to Time magazine that the CIA continues to run secret prisons in Afghanistan and Eastern Europe. In Afghanistan, the agency's prison was once located in an old brick factory near Kabul's airport, nicknamed the Salt Pit by the CIA and the Darkness Prison by inmates.
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1126698,00.html
Polish authorities denied any knowledge of prisoner transfers, but confirmed that a plane carrying Americans touched down at a little-used airport on the day when, a human rights group says, flight logs indicate that a CIA aircraft landed there.
In Romania http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/romania/index.html?inline=nyt-geo, officials released computerized flight logs in an attempt to disprove claims of suspicious flights at an airport near a military base.
The broader allegations have set off a flurry of denials from other governments in the former Soviet bloc and prompted European Union officials to say they would investigate. United States http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/unitedstates/index.html?inline=nyt-geo officials have refused to confirm or deny the claims.
If the clandestine prisons exist, European officials say, they violate the EU�s human rights principles. (DKR)

ITALIAN INTEL IDENTIFIES FORGERY DISSEMINATOR - Gen. Nicolo Pollari, director of SISMI, the Italian military intelligence service, identified an Italian occasional spy named Rocco Martino on 3 November as the disseminator of forged documents that described efforts by Iraq http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/iraq/index.html?inline=nyt-geo to buy uranium ore from Niger http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/niger/index.html?inline=nyt-geo for a nuclear weapons program, the New York Times reported.
www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/international/europe/04italy.html
Pollari said Martino was the source of the forged documents in closed-door testimony to a parliamentary committee that oversees secret services, three lawmakers said.
Sen. Massimo Brutti, a member of the committee, told reporters that Pollari had identified Martino as a former intelligence informer who had been "kicked out of the agency." He did not say Martino was the forger.
The Italian information came as the FBI confirmed it had shut down its two-year investigation into the origin of the forged documents.
The information about Iraq's desire to acquire the ore, known as yellowcake, was used to help justify the invasion of Iraq, notably by President Bush in his State of the Union address in January 2003. The information was later shown to have been based on forgeries.
The documents were the basis for sending a former diplomat, Joseph C. Wilson IV, on a fact-finding mission to Niger.
Martino has long been suspected of being responsible for peddling the false documents. News reports have quoted him as saying he obtained them through a contact at the Niger Embassy in Rome.
Brutti told reporters Italian intelligence had warned Washington in early 2003 that the Niger-Iraq documents were false. He said he did not know whether the warning was given before or after President Bush's address.
Sen. Luigi Malabarba, who attended the parliamentary hearing, said Pollari told the committee Martino was "offering the documents not on behalf of SISMI but on behalf of the French" and that Martino had told prosecutors in Rome that he was in the service of French intelligence.
A senior French intelligence official interviewed in Paris declined to say whether Martino had been a paid agent of France http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/france/index.html?inline=nyt-geo, but called Pollari's assertions about France's responsibility scandalous.
Committee members said they were shown a copy of a classified letter from FBI Director Mueller, which praised Italy's cooperation with the bureau.
In Washington, a bureau official confirmed the substance of the letter that stated Italy's cooperation proved the FBI�s theory that the false documents were produced and disseminated by one or more people for personal profit, and ruled out the possibility that the Italian service had intended to influence American policy.
As a result, the letter said the bureau had closed its investigation into the origin of the documents.
The parliamentary hearing followed a three-part series in the newspaper La Repubblica which said Pollari had knowingly provided the United States and Britain with forged documents.
The newspaper, that opposes Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/silvio_berlusconi/index.html?inline=nyt-per, also reported that Pollari acted at the behest of Berlusconi, who was said to be eager to help Bush in the search for weapons in Iraq. Berlusconi has denied such accounts. (DKR)

SECTION III - CYBER INTELLIGENCE

NEED TO DECIPHER HARD DRIVES MEANS LONGER DETENTIONS - An increase from 14 to 90 days that a terrorist suspect can be held in Britain without charge is the result of the time it takes to decipher what is on his hard drive, according to Andy Hayman, Assistant Commissioner, Metropolitan Police Service, FCW reported on 4 November, citing a Techworld.com (London) item.
www.fcw.com/article91302-11-03-05-Web
More time is needed to make sure that all the evidence from a seized PC is located before someone is released, Hayman said. The Met has a high-tech crime unit and access to the Forensic Science Service. Both units employ forensic computer analysts who crack hard drive contents.
Fauzan Mirza of ProSoft Research, an expert in hard drive encryption, said there were two stages, acquisition and analysis, in cracking a hard drive. "Acquisition is automated and takes a copy of the hard drive itself," he said. "It runs at the speed of the fastest backups, around 500MB per minute. Analysis looks at the contents. It's usually obvious within a matter of hours whether there is evidence on it."
"If there is evidence, it can take more than a week to analyze it. It could be two to three weeks depending upon the sophistication of the means used to hide it, steganography for example."
Mirza added that that evidence may also be in a foreign language: "It would have to be reviewed by a linguist and feedback given to the analyst. They would re-check the computer on the basis of this feedback."
Graham Cluley, a senior technical consultant at computer security company Sophos, said additional time would also be needed to consult with security services in other countries as well as for the police to formulate an interview strategy based on uncovered evidence. (DKR)

GOV AGENCIES TOLD TO ADOPT EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT - Federal agencies have until 31 December to create policies for using earned value management to reduce the inherent risk in large IT projects, FCW reported on 3 November.
www.fcw.com/article91302-11-03-05-Web
All federal agencies should be using EVM as businesses have been doing for years, said Tim Young, OMB Associate Administrator for E-government and IT.
Speaking at an industry breakfast seminar in Washington, DC, Young said federal agencies will get more value out of a proposed $65 billion budget for IT for fiscal 2006 if they use EVM as one of their project management tools.
DoD is already familiar with EVM, having used it for years to control spending and deadlines for large aircraft carrier projects, Young said. The Office of Personnel Management began using EVM in September to help project leaders who are managing five e-government projects and a government-wide human resources project.
The value of EVM is that it lets managers make better decisions and avoid undue costs or project failures, said OPM's Norman Enger. The difficulty, he said, comes in reducing every inch of progress to a dollar value. (DKR)

DLR AWARDS $6.3 MILLION IT CONTRACT TO ACCENTURE - The Defense Logistics Agency has awarded a $6.3 million contract to Accenture to provide IT services, FCW.com reported on 4 November.
www.fcw.com/article91309-11-04-05-Web
The contract calls for Accenture to provide document management services, business process re-engineering and change management services, training and organizational design. It also covers the automation of crucial business processes, according to Accenture.
The company will design the business processes for DLA�s Technical and Quality Policy Division, supporting data related to aircraft launch and recovery and the ordering of repair parts, among other functions. (DKR)

SECTION IV -- BOOKS, SOURCES, AND ISSUES

Books

FORESEEING ANOTHER 9/11 OR WORSE - Daniel Benjamin, Steven Simon, The Next Attack (Times Books, 352 pp. $266)
Benjamin and Simon, counterterrorism aides in the Clinton administration, open this work by declaring, The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/  "We are losing� with the United States heading for a repeat or worse of 9/11.
They criticize the Bush administration for focusing on the number of Qa�ida leaders captured or killed, rather than addressing radical Islamist ideology.
More and more Muslims are turning into jihadis intent on inflicting damage on the West, fed by regional grievances in the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, South East Asia and among the alienated Muslim youth who have grown up in Europe.
The US invasion of Iraq, in the authors� view, was unnecessary and ill-judged and made that country a training ground for jihadis. The invasion is seen as confirming al-Qa�ida�s line that the United States is waging war on Islam and seeking to dominate Muslim lands.
As for bringing democracy to Iraq, say Benjamin and Simon, "the current chaos there confirms the fears of both the rulers and the ruled in the authoritarian states of the region that sudden political change is bound to let slip the dogs of civil war." (DKR)

HOW COVERT ACTION AIDED THE NORMANDY INVASION - Will Irwin, The Jedburghs: France, 1944, and the Secret Untold History of the First Special Forces (Public Affairs, 352 pp. $26.95)
Irwin, a retired Special Forces colonel, tells the story of the pioneering covert action units known as the Jedburghs. Made up of three-man teams of American, British and French soldiers, they were dropped into enemy-controlled territory to arm and train resistance fighters in support of the Normandy invasion.
Their most important task was to disrupt German reinforcements being sent to Normandy and, Irwin writes, �this they did remarkably well, delaying many divisions and completely stopping others."
Irwin's provides a detailed account of these early covert operations and places them in the context of the Allied campaign in a manner that military history buffs and others are likely to very much enjoy. (DKR)

THE TALENTED FATHER OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE - Stephen P. Budiansky, Her Majesty�s Spymaster: Elizabeth I, Sir Francis Walsingham and the Birth of Modern Espionage (Viking, 256 pp. $24.95)
Budiansky, in this highly readable work, presents a rich, detailed portrait not only on Walsingham, who may be thought of as the father of British intelligence services, but also of the age which shaped him and his work.
As secretary of Queen Elizabeth�s Privy Council, Walsingham ran a variety of spy networks, Earlier he had mastered French and Italian, the latter by living contentedly in Catholic Italy when it was not that safe for a Protestant (which he was) to live in the Catholic England of �Bloody� Mary.
A cultivated and shrewd man, Walsingham dealt with equal aplomb with ambassadors and the less than respectable types who spied on his behalf, also employing a staff of code breakers and couriers. His career put him at the heart among other things of his Queen�s marriage negotiations that never came to anything; her rivalry with Mary, Queen of Scots; and the long enduring threat from Spain.
Walsingham emerges from Budiansky�s account as a spy master who never let his great devotion to his monarch surpass his devotion to his country, (DKR)

Issues

NSA HISTORIAN SAYS TONKIN GULF INCIDENT REPORT FAKED - The NSA faked key intelligence used to justify US intervention in Vietnam, according to material uncovered by NSA historian Robert Hanyok, the Daily Telegraph (London) reported.
www.opinion.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/01/wviet01.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/11/01/ixworld.html
Middle-ranking officers altered material relating to the Gulf of Tonkin incident, Hanyok said. They did so to cover up a mistake they had made, not out of political considerations.
The incident concerned two US destroyers, Maddox and Turner Joy, attacked by North Vietnamese craft in the gulf on 2 August 1964. Two days later, Maddox reported she had been fired on a second time. Although its commander soon cast doubt on the reports, SIGINT reported that the North Vietnamese admitted "we sacrificed two ships".
President Johnson then ordered air raids against North Vietnamese naval facilities and Congress authorized all necessary steps including the use of armed force to defend South Vietnam.
Hanyok found a pattern of translation mistakes that went uncorrected, altered intercept times and selective citation of intelligence that persuaded him that midlevel agency officers had deliberately skewed the evidence, the New York Times reported.
www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/31war.html?pagewanted=all
He concluded top NSA and defense officials and Johnson neither knew about nor condoned the deception.
Hanyok's findings were published nearly five years ago in a classified in-house journal. In 2002 he and other government historians argued the findings should be made public, but were rebuffed by agency policymakers, fearful it might prompt uncomfortable comparisons with flawed intelligence used to justify the war in Iraq, according to an intelligence official familiar with internal discussions of the matter, the Times said. (DKR)

SECTION V -- CAREERS, NOTES, LETTERS, QUERIES AND AUTHORS SEEKING ASSISTANCE, CORRECTIONS, OBITUARIES, COMING EVENTS

Notes:

DNI DUCKS CIA EXEMPTION ISSUE - At a secret briefing for Senators on 26 October, a senior intelligence official told Time magazine, DNI Negroponte was pointedly neutral on Vice President Cheney's lobbying to have the CIA exempted from legislation banning mistreatment of detainees.
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1126698,00.html
"It's above my pay grade," Negroponte said. He dodged answering when asked whether the harsher interrogation tactics Cheney wants the agency to be free to use actually produce valuable intelligence.
An intense internal debate has erupted in the Bush administration over whether new Pentagon procedures for handling captured terrorists should adopt the Geneva Conventions' ban on cruel and degrading treatment. A senior Administration source says national security adviser Hadley, Secretary of State Rice and top military officers favor including the Geneva standards, while Cheney has managed to round up a few senior Pentagon civilians, such as Under Secretary Stephen Cambone, to back his opposition to them. (DKR)

CLARKE ADVISED NYC ON BAG SEARCHES - Richard A. Clarke, counterterrorism adviser to two presidents, advised New York City officials on a program to search bags and packages brought into the subways, the New York Times reported on 7 November.
www.nytimes.com/2005/11/07/nyregion/07search.html?pagewanted=all
The "container inspection program" was introduced by the police following two attacks in July on London�s transport system.
"Obviously you want to catch people with bombs on their back, but there is a value to a program that doesn't stop everyone and isn't compulsory," Clarke said in a deposition.
Anyone selected for a search can choose to refuse and leave.
David Cohen, Deputy Police Commissioner for intelligence and a CIA veteran, defended the searches by saying: "More is better than some, and some is better than none."
Clarke gave a deposition last month rather than come to court, lawyers said, because he was promoting his novel last week.
A legal challenge to the policy, filed by the New York Civil Liberties Union and heard by a federal judge in Manhattan last week, is seen as a test case of the proper scope of governmental intervention in the lives of citizens in the name of deterring a terrorist attack. Judge Richard M. Berman will decide the case next month at the earliest. Each side says it is prepared to appeal if it loses. (DKR)

Queries and Authors Seeking Assistance:

CONTRIBUTORS SOUGHT FOR SECURITY STUDIES ENCYCLOPEDIA - Prof. Michael Palmiotto of Wichita State University is looking for contributors for an Encyclopedia on International Security Studies. Contributors who are willing to write on a pool of topics or who have security as a specialty can make suggestions for topics.
The encyclopedia will deal with all aspects of security, private, government, political, geo-political, criminological, psychological, philosophical, natural disasters, home land security, financial security, border security, etc.
Contributors should be willing to write any where from 1,000 words to 5,000 words or more. Individuals could contribute on more than one topic or collaborate with a colleague. Contributors will receive an honorarium for each topic accepted based on the word count.
Those willing to contribute to the encyclopedia should contact Dr. Palmiotto at Michael.palmiotto@wichita.edu  or telephone him at 316-978-6524.

OBITUARIES

CHESTER L. COOPER - His public service over more than five decades included employment by the CIA, NSC and State. He died, aged 88, of congestive heart failure on 30 October at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, DC, the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/02/AR2005110203002.html
Although rarely, if ever, in the spotlight, he was the consummate government insider, invariably playing a key role, according to the Post.
In 1956, he was deputy to the CIA chief of station in London when the British attacked Egypt, to President Eisenhower's displeasure. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles assigned Dr. Cooper the delicate task of maintaining everyday connections with the British, so issues too urgent to ignore could be addressed.
He was dispatched to London again during the Cuban missile crisis by Secretary of State Dean Rusk to show Prime Minister Harold Macmillan the photographs proving the Soviet Union was installing missiles in Cuba.
During the Vietnam war, he served as an NSC staffer and after the war accompanied former SecDef McNamara to Hanoi for a conference with their Vietnamese counterparts that revisited the failed diplomatic efforts to end the war earlier. He considered the Hanoi meeting less than a success in part because the Vietnamese felt the need to indulge in sermons and polemics. According to his daughter, he found a later, similar meeting more of a success.
Born in Boston in 1917, he was the teenage impresario and drummer for Chet Cooper and His Melodians, which played at weddings, anniversaries and bar mitzvahs, occasionally with a young Leonard Bernstein on piano. He received a bachelor's degree in 1939 and a master's degree in business administration in 1941, both from New York University. World War II interrupted his doctoral studies at Columbia University; he received his doctorate from American University in 1959.
During the war, he served initially in India with the Army and then in China with the OSS. He was assistant deputy director at the CIA from 1947 to 1962, when he joined the NSC.
After leaving government service in 1970, he took up environmental issues. He was director of the Institute for Defense Analysis, director of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (based in Vienna, Austria) and Washington director of the International Institute for Energy Analysis.
In 1995, he embarked on yet another career as head of international programs for the Battelle Memorial Institute at the University of Maryland. He retired as professor emeritus in 2001.
In addition to his memoir, "In the Shadows of History: Fifty Years Behind the Scenes of Cold War Diplomacy" (2005), he was the author of "The Lost Crusade: America in Vietnam" (1970) and "The Lion's Last Roar: Suez, 1956" (1978).
Cooper enjoyed fly fishing in Scotland and sculpting tiny clay characters for model circuses.
His wife, Orah Pomerance Cooper, died in 2002. Survivors include two daughters, Joan Gould and Susan Cooper; a brother, Mitchell Cooper; and three grandchildren. (DKR)

SERGE PETER KARLOW, 84, a former CIA intelligence officer and long-time AFIO member who won a decades-long campaign to clear his name after officials accused him of being a mole for the Soviets, died of pneumonia Nov. 3 at a hospital in Montclair, NJ.
Karlow wrote about his ordeal in his 2001 memoir, "Targeted by the CIA: An Intelligence Professional Speaks Out on the Scandal That Turned the CIA Upside Down." His Agency career came to a halt in the early 1960s when Anatoly M. Golitsin, then a recently defected KGB officer, told CIA officials that there had been an American mole stationed in Germany, that although he didn't know the identity of the mole, he believed the last name began with a "K." With those clues, the CIA narrowed its list of suspects to three people, including Karlow who once had been stationed in West Germany when he began his career during World War II with the Office of Strategic Services. A native of New York City and graduate of Swarthmore College Karlow served in Algiers and Corsica. On a mission with naval intelligence, he lost his leg in an explosion off the coast of Italy when his PT boat triggered an acoustic mine.
In 1962, in an atmosphere of paranoia, Karlow found himself the central figure in the CIA's hunt for a mole. Even though a four-month investigation failed to produce any evidence against him, Karlow was seen as the primary suspect and tainted. Isolated and shunned, he was forced to resign under a cloud of suspicion.
In 1963, he moved to St. Louis to join the international affairs office of the agricultural firm Monsanto Co. He transferred to the company's Washington office in 1970 and for a time was chairman of the Washington Export Council. Dogged in his efforts to win a public exoneration, Mr. Karlow appealed to CIA directors William Casey and William H. Webster to reexamine his case. A CIA internal investigation opened in 1988 and found that the FBI had cleared Mr. Karlow years earlier but failed to make known its reversal. In 1989, about 25 years after the allegations first were made, the CIA held a ceremony in which Karlow received an apology, a medal and financial compensation. Karlow was active in the AFIO Chapters in California and Florida, where he later lived. His wife, Elizabeth Karlow, died in 1977. Survivors include a son, James P. Karlow of Commerce Township, Mich.; a daughter, Alexandra Karlow Nolan of Montclair; a sister; and five grandsons. [CJLaC]