SECTION I - CURRENT INTELLIGENCE

MI5 SEEKS TO IDENTIFY TERRORISTS - Two theories have emerged at Thames House, the London riverside HQ of MI5, as to who the terrorists were who carried out the 7 July bomb attacks and how they did it, the Sunday Telegraph (London) reported.
    www.opinion.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/07/10/ncrime110.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/07/10/ixnewstop.html
    The first theory is that the terrorist cell, which calls itself the Secret Organization of al-Qa'ida Jihad in Europe, is composed of British Muslims, unknown to the intelligence services. (See following article.)
    In the past, counterterrorism officials have been able to determine who actually carried out bomb attacks and arrest most of the surviving perpetrators, usually cells of Islamist radicals who lived near the site of the attack, the Washington Post reported on 11 July. But the officials failed to find or even learn the names of the individuals who conceived and directed the attacks.
    www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/10/AR2005071000987.html
    "We might be able to apprehend the hands, but not the brains behind it," said Mustafa Alani, an expert on Islamic terrorist networks and a senior adviser with the Gulf Research Center in Dubai. "This is the problem. The brain keeps working somewhere else."
    The bombers would have become radicalized by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and embraced the Qa'ida belief that the Western way of life must be destroyed.
In this view, the group is less than 20 but more than 12 in number and composed of educated men and women in their late twenties and early thirties. It is thought likely they are being lead by a seasoned terrorist, possibly from outside Britain, who is capable of obtaining commercial or military explosives and making small but lethal bombs, and has a record of past success in co-coordinating attacks.
    The second theory, thought more likely, according to the Telegraph, is that the terrorists are from either the European continent or North Africa and entered Britain during the past six months on false passports.
    The attacks on the Underground (subway) and a London bus left 52 counted dead as of 10 July and hundreds injured, ending 11 years of MI5 successfully thwarting Islamist violence in Britain, said the Sunday newspaper.
    Among those sought by MI5 is Mustafa Setmariam Naser, a Syrian who has dual Spanish nationality and is known to have organized terrorist training camps in Afghanistan. He is believed to have been the mastermind behind the Madrid train bombings of 11 March 2004. Naser is thought to be in hiding somewhere on the Afghan-Pakistani border. DoJ has posted a $5 million reward for his capture, accusing him of training extremists to concoct chemical weapons, the Post reported.
    Also wanted for questioning is Zeeshan Hyder Siddiqui, 25, a British national allegedly trained to make bombs in an al-Qa'ida camp. Arrested in Pakistan in May, he is said to have claimed he lived in west London and had studied economics at London University.
    The question of how the terrorists managed to implement the London attack is more troubling. Previous plots were thwarted by MI5's ability to monitor communications and intercept mobile phone calls and e-mails. It would appear, however, that the terrorists have abandoned electronic communication for face-to-face meetings. "There was not one scrap of intelligence to suggest that this attack was about to happen," an official said.
    Last month, the Joint Terrorist Analysis Center, made up of representatives from 11 government departments, reduced the threat level from al-Qa'ida from severe-general to substantial-general. JTAC, it is understood, did not believe the al-Qa'ida leadership had the ability to launch a co-coordinated attack in Britain. But that did not mean that a group loosely affiliated to al-Qa'ida could not mount an independent attack.
    MI5, under its DG, Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller, has promised an internal investigation to see if its tactics and techniques need improving. Manningham-Buller was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath last month in the Queen’s birthday honors list. (DKR)

QAEDA RECRUITS AFFLUENT BRITISH MUSLIMS - Al-Qa'ida is secretly recruiting affluent, middle-class Muslims in British universities and colleges to carry out terrorist attacks in Britain, according to reports drawing on MI5 findings, the Sunday Times reported on 10 July.
www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1688261,00.html
    Citing leaked Whitehall documents, the newspaper reported a network of extremist recruiters was circulating on campuses, targeting people with technical and professional qualifications” particularly in engineering and IT.
    A joint Home Office and Foreign Office dossier, Young Muslims and Extremism, prepared for the prime minister last year, said Britain might now be harboring thousands of al-Qa'ida sympathizers.
    Lord Stevens, former Metropolitan police chief, revealed separately on 9 July that up to 3,000 British-born or British-based people had passed through Usama bin Ladin’s training camps.
    The Whitehall dossier was ordered by Prime Minister Blair following last year’s Madrid train bombings.
    Drawing on information from MI5, the report concludes: “Intelligence indicates that the number of British Muslims actively engaged in terrorist activity, whether at home or abroad or supporting such activity, is extremely small and estimated at less than 1%.” But this equates to something under 16,000 potential terrorists and supporters out of a Muslim population of almost 1.6 million.
    The file estimates that 10,000 have attended extremist conferences. The security services believe that the number prepared to commit terrorist attacks may run into hundreds.
    Most of al-Qa'ida recruits tend to be loners, attracted to university clubs based on ethnicity or religion because of dissatisfaction with their current lives.
    British-based terrorists range from foreign nationals now naturalized and resident in Britain, arriving mainly from North Africa and the Middle East, to second and third generation British citizens whose forebears mainly originate from Pakistan or Kashmir.
    “In addition . . . a significant number come from liberal, non-religious Muslim backgrounds or (are) only converted to Islam in adulthood. These converts include white British nationals and those of West Indian extraction.”
    The Iraq war is identified by the dossier as a key cause of young Britons turning to terrorism. The analysis says it seems that a particularly strong cause of disillusionment among Muslims, including young Muslims, is a perceived double standard in the foreign policy of Western governments, in particular Britain and the United States.
    The war on terror, and in Iraq and Afghanistan, are all seen by a section of British Muslims as having been acts against Islam.
    Stevens said at least eight attacks aimed at civilian targets on the British mainland had been foiled in the past five years and that none had been planned by the same gang. He said he believed last week’s attackers were almost certainly British-born.
    “There’s a sufficient number of people in this country willing to be Islamic terrorists that they don’t have to be drafted in from abroad,” he said. (DKR)

SECTION II – CONTEXT AND PRECEDENCE

DOD PLAN TO SHARE WITH CIVIL AUTHORITIES - A new DoD strategy for securing the U.S. homeland calls for intelligence sharing with civilian law enforcement as well as expanded ground, air and sea military activity, the Washington Post reported on 6 July.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/05/AR2005070501669.html
    The strategy, outlined in a 40-page document, is the first DoD attempt since 9/11 to present a comprehensive plan for defending the U.S. homeland. The Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support was signed 24 June by acting Deputy SecDef Gordon England and is being employed as a basis for organizing troops, developing weapons and assigning missions. It was released early in July without the familiar type of news conference or background briefing.
    The strategy proposes developing a cadre of Pentagon terrorism specialists and deploying a number of them to interagency centers for homeland defense and counterterrorism, a reference to new teaming arrangements with the FBI and other domestic law enforcement agencies.
    "The move toward a domestic intelligence capability by the military is troubling," said Gene Healy, a senior editor at the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank in Washington. "The last time the military got heavily involved in domestic surveillance, during the Vietnam War era, military intelligence kept thousands of files on Americans guilty of nothing more than opposing the war," Healy said. "I don't think we want to go down that road again."
    There is nothing in the strategy that would move away from that historic principle of a carefully constrained military within domestic American society, said Paul McHale, assistant secretary for homeland defense. (DKR)

NCTC REPORTS 3,200 TERRORIST ATTACKS IN 2004 - The National Counterterrorism Center reported on 5 July there were nearly 3,200 terrorist attacks worldwide last year, using a broader definition that increased fivefold the number of attacks the agency had been counting, the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/05/AR2005070501695.html
NCTC interim director John Brennan cautioned that comparing the new tally to previous ones was comparing apples to oranges. In 2004, the counterterrorism center reported 3,192 terror attacks occurred worldwide with 28,433 people wounded or killed.
    In figures published in April, using a more stringent definition of terrorism, State Department and NCTC counted 651 significant international terrorism attacks with more than 9,000 victims.
    Terrorism figures have been the subject of repeated controversies. Last year, State withdrew its annual report, saying it vastly understated the number of attacks.
    Earlier this year, government analysts determined that the number of attacks had gone up once again. Rather than publish that information, State removed the annual report of the terrorism numbers and handed responsibility for them to the new NCTC, which said the methodology that had produced the numbers was so flawed they should not be relied upon. (DKR)

SECTION III – CYBER INTELLIGENCE

CCTV NETWORK AIDS TRACKING LONDON BOMBERS - London's CCTV network may help investigators track down those responsible for the 7 July bomb attack, IDG news Service reported, citing police sources.
computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/recovery/story/0,10801,103027,00.html
    "There are a large number of CCTV tapes we need to seize and to review," Andy Hayman, assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, told a televised news conference the following day.
    London's Underground (subway) and mainline rail stations are monitored by several thousand video cameras with more surveilling streets and shopping centers. (DKR)

TROJAN VIRUS POSES AS BOMBING NEWS FOOTAGE - Virus writers have created a Trojan which poses as news footage on the 7 July bomb attacks, the Register.co.uk reported.
www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/08/london_bombing_spambot/
    Infected e-mails pose as a CNN Newsletter which asks recipients to 'See attachments for unique amateur video shots'. If executed, the attachment turns infected Windows PCs into spam zombies. The Trojan then attempts to obtain a list of SMTP servers used by the infected machine and starts to use the servers to send large volumes of SPAM. (DKR)

'SASSER' PROGRAMMER ESCAPES JAIL TIME - Sven Jaschen, the 19-year old creator of the Sasser worm that came uncomfortably near to crashing the world, escaped jail time when a German court gave him a 21-month suspended sentence and ordered him to do community service, MSNBC reported on 7 July.
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8507272/
    Jaschan, convicted of computer sabotage and other charges, was caught, following Microsoft offering a reward, with the help of informants. (DKR)

SECTION IV -- BOOKS, SOURCES, AND ISSUES

BOOKS

AFIO MEMBER CLARIFIES STALIN -NAZI MYSTERY - David E. Murphy, What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa (Yale University Press, 304 pp. $30)
    AFIO member Murphy, a retired CIA Soviet specialist [chief of Soviet operations at CIA headquarters], argues that Stalin knew virtually everything about what Hitler was doing in the months leading up to the Nazi invasion.
    Soviet spies inside the German government provided Stalin with detailed reports on the invasion plans. Britain and the United States sounded warnings. Communist agents in Central Europe signaled the movement of Wehrmacht forces toward the Soviet border and of the stockpiling of weapons along with Russian phrase books.
    Stalin responded by denouncing this intelligence as Western disinformation and prohibiting his air force from driving off Luftwaffe reconnaissance of Soviet defenses.
    Murphy has come up with two letters from Hitler to Stalin in which the F�hrer claimed his armies were massing in Poland in preparation for attacking England, adding a warning that rogue Wehrmacht units might invade the Soviet Union against his wishes. The last touch inhibited Stalin’s response when the very real German invasion began on 22 June 1941.
    As Murphy sees it, Stalin was in part the victim of the Marxist hypothesis that the capitalist powers would fight each other to exhaustion. Another factor was the fear of speaking up, let alone taking action, fostered in the Soviet military by Stalin’s purges. Indeed, the one intel officer who contradicted Stalin’s view of the Germans was arrested and shot.
    Murphy has written a carefully researched and insightful account of one of the great intel fiascoes. (DKR)

GENERAL WASHINGTON AS WAR LEADER - Edward Lengel, General George Washington: A Military Life (Random House, 496 pp. $29.95)
    Lengel, a military historian and associate editor of Washington's papers, presents his protagonist as a rather pedestrian general who was not a creative military thinker and conducted operations conventionally and unreflectively.
    But Washington was also an exceptional war leader, brave in combat, loyal to his subordinate, tireless in administration at all levels and concerned for his troops’ welfare.
    The general was exceptional, too, in his dealing with the civilian authorities and his ability to inspire the trust essential for the revolution to succeed. (DKR)

ASSASSINATION THROUGH THE AGES- Richard Belfield, The Assassination Business: A History of State Sponsored Murder (Carroll & Graf, paperback, 288 pp. $14.95)
Belfield, a British TV producer, has written a history of assassination through the ages, but is most interesting and controversial in his account of its employment in modern times.
    He quotes liberally from a 1954 CIA assassination manual that, along with other advice, urged that, “No assassination instructions should ever be written or recorded.” According to Belfield, an al-Qa’ida manual owed a great deal to that 1954 effort.
    Belfield, surveying the history of bumping off political adversaries, concludes that even when successfully carried out, such operations seldom accomplish what they were supposed to. He cites the Kennedys’ belief that the liquidation of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem would strengthen the country and its resistance to the Communists. It didn’t.
    Belfield’s take on the killing of JFK, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King and Prince Di may well entertain many readers but are less likely to convince them. (DKR)

ISSUES

MYSTERY OF PLAME LEAK AS DEEP AS EVER - On 14 July 2003, a syndicated column by Robert Novak was published disclosing that Valerie Plame, wife of sometime ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV, was a CIA covert operative..
    In the past days, there have been widespread reports that President Bush's political strategist, Karl Rove, may be the person who identified Plame. However, on 10 July, Rove's lawyer, Robert Luskin, said that while Rove spoke with at least one reporter about Plame's CIA role, he did not identify her by name, the Washington Post reported the following day.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/10/AR2005071001000.html
    As yet special prosecutor Patrick J. Fitzgerald has not named anyone as the culprit and continues his investigation.
    Other journalists and news publishers have agreed to forego the journalistic tradition of respecting the confidentiality of sources.
    On 6 July, a federal judge ordered New York Times reporter Judith Miller to the Alexandria, VA, jail after she again refused to cooperate in an investigation of whether senior administration officials leaked Plame's name, the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/06/AR2005070600283.html
    In a last-minute surprise, Time magazine reporter Matthew Cooper agreed in the same hearing to cooperate with special prosecutor Fitzgerald's probe.
    Cooper told the judge that he was expecting to go to jail for as long as four months, but received a surprise phone call from his government source who freed him to break their confidentiality agreement and to tell a grand jury about their conversations in July 2003.
    As the Los Angeles Times wrote on 9 July, "After two years, more questions than answers have emerged on who named a CIA agent (sic) and the role the White House may have played." (DKR)

DGSE BOSS: MITTERRAND OKAYED SINKING SHIP - The French newspaper Le Monde has published an extract from a report by the then head of the DGSE (General Directorate of External Security), Adm. Pierre Lacoste, that asserts French President Francois Mitterrand authorized the sinking of a Greenpeace ship in a New Zealand harbor 20 years ago, AP reported.
    www.buffalonews.com/editorial/20050711/3031156.asp
    The extract was taken from a report by Lacoste written a year after the incident in which a Greenpeace photographer, Fernando Pereira, was killed. The vessel, Rainbow Warrior, was attacked by French operatives as she was being readied, as part of a campaign to make the Pacific a nuclear-free zone, to sail for the French nuclear test site at Muroroa Atoll.
    Shortly after the bombing, Mitterrand called the attack "a criminal and absurd act."
    The New Zealand government called it the country's first terror attack.
    The account was published to coincide with the 20-year anniversary of the sinking on 10 July 1985. (DKR)

SECTION V -- CAREERS, NOTES, LETTERS, QUERIES AND AUTHORS SEEKING ASSISTANCE, CORRECTIONS, OBITUARIES, COMING EVENTS

Careers
ANALYSTS WANTED FOR CHILD VICTIM PROGRAM - The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in Alexandria, VA, is seeking Staff Analysts for its Child Victim Identification Program.
    Staff analysts are responsible for assisting the Exploited Child Unit Director with the development and maintenance of the Child Recognition & Identification System (CRIS). The Staff Analysts are also responsible for reviewing data pertaining to identified victims of child-pornography series to assist in obtaining the best evidence in support of investigations and prosecutions. Analysts also assist in all matters relevant to identifying unknown victims depicted in pornographic images/videos of children worldwide.
    Among analysts' responsibilities is providing case-specific technical assistance to law enforcement and prosecutors in child- pornography cases.
    Requirements include a bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice or related discipline and a minimum of one year work experience; attendance and completion of a certified analyst’s course; ability to balance multiple projects and meet deadlines; strong verbal and written communication skills; and strong computer skills including the use of Microsoft Office Suite or an equivalent office suite product
    Hiring salary is $37,000 - $41,000 with full benefits.
    Qualified candidates E-mail should send a cover letter and r�sum� with salary requirements to hr@ncmec.org;  Fax to Human Resources at 703-274-2200; or mail to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 699 Prince Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-3175.

Notes

COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER HEAD NAMED - DNI Negroponte is appointing Kenneth C. Brill, a frequent antagonist of Bush administration hardliners on policies toward North Korean and Iraq, to the new post of director of the National Counterproliferation Center, an Executive Level II job that outranks undersecretaries, the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/05/AR2005070501348.html
    Brill is a FSO and former ambassador to Cyprus and the International Atomic Energy Agency.
    According to the Post, insiders say that responsibility for nuclear proliferation security matters will likely shift to the holder of the new job, who has control over clandestine assets, and away from State. Secretary Rice is reported not to be inclined to intervene to block what some see as a DNI turf expansion.
    Brill, who worked closely with Negroponte when the latter was at the United Nations, is now international affairs adviser to the commandant of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.
    Other top aides to DNI Negroponte are also veterans of State, such as Thomas Fingar, who moved from the Bureau of Intelligence and Research to head the National Intelligence Council, and Patrick F. Kennedy, a former assistant secretary for administration and a top aide to Negroponte at the UN and in Baghdad. (DKR)

BUSH NAMES ALEXANDER TO CONTINUE AT NSA - Lt. Gen. Keith B. Alexander (USA) has been nominated by Bush for reappointment to the rank of lieutenant general and assignment as director, National Security Agency/chief, Central Security Service, Fort Meade. the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/05/AR2005070501348.html 
    According to some, Alexander was not the first choice of the former NSA director Hayden, now DDNI, to be his successor, but is a favorite of SecDef Rumsfeld. (DKR)

Queries and authors seeking assistance

DID YOU KNOW NORMAN V. BRAZEAU - WWII Vet? Norman V. Brazeau is a WWII veteran who attended "Language School" in Belfast ~1943. He eventually ended up as a POW in Dachau because of his duty with clandestine intelligence services. He was liberated when the 45th Infantry Division arrived.
    Due to the Fire of 1973 in St. Louis, his service records are non-existent. We (the Veterans Service Office) are trying to establish both his service and status as Former-POW so he can receive the VA benefits he deserves.
    If you can be of an help in establishing the facts of this it would be greatly appreciated as many of the facts (units, hospital, etc..) are fading fast.
    If there are other sources we can access to establish this PLEASE point us in the right direction. There should be a list of POWs liberated from Dachu that I cannot locate or something equivalent.
    Thank you for your attention to this request!! REPLIES to: Kurt A. Neumaier (US Army Abn, Retired), Veterans Service Office, Kootenai County, Post Falls, ID 83854 or by email to him at: kneumaier@kcgov.us

Obituaries

JAMES E. FLANNERY, AFIO CO-FOUNDER - A former deputy chief of the CIA's Latin American division, he died, aged 85, on 15 June of complications of lung cancer at a hospice in Sun City, AZ, the Washington Post reported on 11 July.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/10/AR2005071001151.html
    Flannery, born in San Antonio, served in the Army in World War II. After landing on Utah Beach in Normandy in June 1944, he fought his way across France and into Germany as a company commander in the 79th Infantry Division.
    He was awarded the Silver Star for bravery and leadership heading his pinned down unit at Hattigny, France on 19 November 1944, and, under cover of night, carrying out a raid that drove a German battalion from the field, killing 33. He also twice received the Bronze Star. He retired as a lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve in the 1960s.
    After the war, he was assigned to the UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in occupied Germany. In Czechoslovakia, he met his future bride who he dressed in an Army uniform and helmet and smuggled to safety. They were married in Germany in 1947.
    The following year, he moved to Washington to attend Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, from which he graduated in 1951. He worked in the office of Rep. Olin E. Teague who had been his commanding officer in the Army.
    During the Korean War, he was recalled to active duty and assigned to the CIA, then joined the agency permanently in 1952, in Japan. In the late 1950s, he worked at Langley as an assistant to Richard Bissell, who developed the U-2 spy plane.
    In the 1960s, he held posts in La Paz and Mexico City, then became station chief in Santo Domingo from 1965 to 1969. In later years, he was deputy chief of the Latin American division.
    After his retirement in 1974, Flannery was co-founder of what is now the Association of Former Intelligence Officers.
    Survivors include his wife of 58 years, Herta Flannery of Sun City; four children, James E. Flannery Jr. of Pembroke Pines, FL, Heidi Flannery of San Antonio, Shannon Soltis of Naples, FL, and Patrick Flannery of Phoenix; one sister; and nine grandchildren. (DKR)

L. PATRICK GRAY -- A former acting director of the FBI who passed its investigative reports on the Watergate scandal to the White House, died, aged 88, on 6 July at his home in Atlantic Beach, FL of pancreatic cancer, the Washington Post reported.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/06/AR2005070600790.html
    Gray's 11 months at the FBI began the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate complex. His government career froze after he told congressional confirmation hearings in March 1973 that he had been passing files from the bureau's Watergate investigation to White House counsel John W. Dean III.
    Enraged that Gray revealed the White House involvement, domestic policy adviser John Ehrlichman suggested to Nixon that rather than withdraw Gray's nomination, he should be left to "twist slowly, slowly in the wind."
    Gray was finally forced to resign on 27 April 1973, after the disclosure that he destroyed papers from the White House safe of E. Howard Hunt, the former CIA operative who organized the Watergate break-in.
    Ehrlichman and Dean ordered the papers' destruction with Dean telling Gray they "must not see the light of day." Gray said the papers had nothing to do with Watergate and asserted until his death that he destroyed the files only after the FBI's attorney approved doing so.
    Gray was never indicted for any Watergate-related crimes, but was indicted in connection with illegal break-ins of the homes of friends and family of Weather Underground fugitives in the early 1970s. The indictment was dropped in 1980; by then he had returned to his legal practice in Connecticut.
    His son, Ed Gray, said his father stopped speaking to journalists a generation ago because he believed stories based on every interview he gave were distorted. The son singled out the original dust jacket of "All the President's Men," by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, which included a photo of Gray among the dozen faces.
    "Of the twelve, Pat Gray was the only one not involved in the Watergate conspiracy," Ed Gray wrote in an e-mail sent to journalists. The other ‘president’s men' were indicted and either pleaded or were found guilty of a federal crime. . But, the son said, the tarnish to his father’s reputation, epitomized by Woodward and Bernstein's incorrect characterization of him as a Watergate conspirator, continues even to today.
    Louis Patrick Gray III was born on 11 July 1916, in St. Louis, the son of a railroad worker. He attended what is now Rice University in Houston, which he entered at age 16 after skipping two grades in school. He left Rice in his last year to enter the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating in 1940. He then served aboard the battleship Idaho, and two years later, joined the submarine corps. He participated in five submarine combat patrols against the Japanese until a ruptured appendix forced his hospitalization.
    In 1949, he graduated from George Washington University's law school before returning to the Navy and command of a submarine during the Korean War. In 1958, he became military assistant to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and special assistant to the Secretary of Defense. He retired from the military in 1960.
    He joined the staff of Vice President Richard Nixon, then Republican nominee for president. After Nixon's defeat by John F. Kennedy, Gray returned to New London, CN, where he practiced law and kept in touch with Nixon. After Nixon was elected in 1968, Gray was appointed executive assistant to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare and later was awarded the department's Distinguished Service Medal. In 1970, he served on a Cabinet committee on desegregation in the South.
    In December 1970, he was appointed assistant attorney general of the civil division in the Department of Justice. When J. Edgar Hoover died in May 1972, Nixon appointed Gray acting director. Within weeks, Gray relaxed the FBI's formal dress codes and strict weight requirements, welcomed women into the ranks, visited 58 of the bureau's 59 field offices and forced out some of Hoover's most trusted lieutenants.
    Gray said the gravest mistake of his 88 years was getting involved with Nixon, and despite the ex-president's efforts, shunned contact with him after Watergate.
    At the end of his life, Gray looked back with a combination of disappointment and pride, his son said. "He always was extremely patriotic, loyal and loved America in a way most people don't, even when it cost him as dearly as it did."
    In addition to his son Edward, survivors include his wife, Beatrice Kirk Gray; three other sons, Alan Kirk Gray of City Island, NY, Patrick Erwin Gray of Alpharetta, GA, and Stephen Douglas Gray of Grantham, NH; 14 grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. (DKR)